A system for breaking down a PFA (perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl) compound includes a reactor vessel, a heater, and a catalyst. The reactor vessel is operable to hold influent that includes a PFA compound, an alkali, and water, while alkaline hydrolysis separates a fluorine atom from the PFA compound in the influent. The heater is operable to heat the influent to a temperature within the range of 100? Celsius to 700? Celsius. And the catalyst is operable to increase the rate at which alkaline hydrolysis separates a fluorine atom from a PFA compound. The catalyst includes a body that includes a transition metal, which is a d-block metal or a metal from any of the periodic table's groups 4-11. The body also has a shape configured to multiply a surface-area-to-volume ratio by at least 1.5 when the body is disposed in an influent experiencing alkaline hydrolysis.

A solvent extraction process for removing poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from a PFAS laden adsorbent is disclosed. The process comprises introducing a substantially pure solvent at an elevated temperature to a bed of the PFAS laden adsorbent and continuously removing PFAS laden solvent from the adsorbent, wherein the introducing and removing are carried out simultaneously and continuously until a desired amount of PFAS is removed from the adsorbent. Also disclosed is a process for degrading poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to environmentally benign products. The process comprises providing an aqueous solution containing PFAS at a concentration of greater than 50 ppm; and subjecting the aqueous solution to ultrasound using at least one ultrasonic transducer at a frequency and power and for a time sufficient to degrade substantially all of the PFAS in the solution to carbon dioxide and fluoride.

There is described a process for treatment of a fluid comprising an oxidizable contaminant. The process comprises the step of contacting the wastewater with a combination of: (i) a sulfide, (ii) a complex of Fe(III) and a chelating agent, and (iii) an oxidant. It has been discovered that of treatment of a fluid containing an oxidizable contaminant employing iron(III)-chelates as the Fenton catalyst may be significantly improved by including a sulfide in the reaction scheme. As described herein, by employing sulfide ion, the present inventors have been able to: (i) increase the rate of iron recycling from minutes or hours to a few seconds, and (ii) destroy benzene in an oil and gas refinery (OGR) wastewater in less than one minute. It is believed that these findings in OGR wastewater can be extended to other fluids containing other oxidizable contaminants.

A Schiff base compound configured to detoxify a toxic chemical agent. The toxic chemical agent includes at least one leaving group and the Schiff base compound includes an imine having at least one Lewis base and an alkyl substituent or an aryl substituent having an electron acceptor. The at least one Schiff base nitrogen is spaced way from the electron acceptor by a distance that ranges from about 200 pm to about 1000 pm.

The present disclosure relates to the field of decontamination and biocidal agents. More specifically, the invention relates to novel N-halamine melamine derivatives, compositions comprising them, processes for their production, and methods using the same.

A CT value controller includes a storage means, an input means, and a computing means. The storage means stores a function expressing a relative humidity and a CT value regarding a degradation degree of an anticancer agent, an assumed relative humidity, and a CT setting. The input means inputs a measured relative humidity and a measured ozone concentration at a time of degradation treatment of the anticancer agent. The computing means calculates a corrected CT value increment based on a difference between the measured relative humidity and the assumed relative humidity at every input of the relative humidity and the ozone concentration by using the function. The computing means determines a termination of the degradation treatment of the anticancer agent when an integrated CT value of the corrected CT value increments reaches the CT setting.

According to one embodiment, a treatment method may include making a byproduct come into contact with a treatment solution, wherein the byproduct is a solid or liquid byproduct formed by polymerizing components contained in an exhaust gas discharged by synthesizing a silicon-containing material using a gas which includes silicon and halogen. The treatment solution may include at least one of an inorganic base or an organic base, and is basic.

The invention relates to a method for treating emergency spill or leak of halogen which is bromine or chlorine, comprising contacting an aqueous solution of quaternary ammonium halide with the halogen.

A method of using select Schiff base compounds for chemical agent detoxification. The method including applying a compound to the contaminated substrate. The compound includes an imine having at least one Schiff base nitrogen and an alkyl substituent or an aryl substituent having an electron acceptor. The at least one Schiff base nitrogen is spaced away from the electron acceptor by a distance ranging from about 200 pm to about 1000 pm. The substrate and the compound are dried. The at least one Schiff base nitrogen of the compound promotes a nucleophilic attack on an electrophilic site of the toxic chemical agent.

There are provided an anticancer agent degradation method for protecting medical professionals from exposure to an anticancer agent externally scattered in, for example, a safety cabinet or prescription laboratory, during drug preparation or other circumstance, and an anticancer agent degradation apparatus for use with this anticancer agent degradation method. Anticancer agent flyoff in a safety cabinet, etc. is degraded by exploiting an action of ozone-containing air humidified by humidifying means. A relative humidity of humidified ozone-containing air is preferably greater than or equal to 80%. In controlling degradation treatment on the basis of CT values, a difference between expected humidity and measured humidity is reflected in an increment of CT value to understand the progress of anticancer agent degradation properly.