Variants of phosphotriesterase have been created that exhibit enhanced hydrolysis of V-type and G-type nerve agents over wild-type phosphotriesterase. V- and G-type nerve agents have an S.sub.P and R.sub.P enantiomer. The S.sub.P enantiomers are more toxic. V-type nerve agents are among the most toxic substances known. Variants of phosphotriesterase can prefer to hydrolyze one enantiomer of VX over the other enantiomer.

Disclosed are materials for decontamination of compounds having a phosphorous-sulfur bond or a phosphorous-oxygen bond. A porous polymer, such as poly(dicyclopentadiene), contains particle of zirconium hydroxide. The polymer optionally has hydroperoxide groups.

The invention is directed toward mutant, non-wild-type organophosphorus acid anhydrolases (OPPAs) having three or more site mutations, methods of production, kits and methods of use to effectively degrade toxic V-agent type chemical compounds such as VX, VR, CVX, and VM.

Disclosed herein are novel coatings and paints comprising a biomolecule composition, wherein the biomolecule composition comprises a phosphoric triester hydrolase. Also disclosed herein are methods of detoxification of a surface contaminated with an organophosphorus compound by contacting the surface with such a coating or paint. Also disclosed herein are novel coating and paint components derived from microorganisms.

The potential for substance abuse involving residual amounts of abusable substances remaining in used skin-worn patches is reduced by the provision of a system and method for combining the abusable substance with a separate anti-abuse substance agent as part of a removal or disposal procedure.

The potential for substance abuse involving residual amounts of abusable substances remaining in used skin-worn patches is reduced by the provision of a system and method for combining the abusable substance with a separate anti-abuse substance agent as part of a removal or disposal procedure.

The potential for substance abuse involving residual amounts of abusable substances remaining in used skin-worn patches is reduced by the provision of a system and method for combining the abusable substance with a separate anti-abuse substance agent as part of a removal or disposal procedure.

A method of using select Schiff base compounds for chemical agent detoxification. The method including applying a compound to the contaminated substrate. The compound includes an imine having at least one Schiff base nitrogen and an alkyl substituent or an aryl substituent having an electron acceptor. The at least one Schiff base nitrogen is spaced away from the electron acceptor by a distance ranging from about 200 pm to about 1000 pm. The substrate and the compound are dried. The at least one Schiff base nitrogen of the compound promotes a nucleophilic attack on an electrophilic site of the toxic chemical agent.

An assembly containing a shelf-stable formulation for decontaminating skin exposed to toxic compounds located in a package formed with water and potassium bicarbonate in a first chamber; and a sponge, diacetylmonoxime (DAM), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) located in a second chamber. The package includes a barrier between the first chamber and the second chamber, with the barrier being configured to be rapidly removed when needed to enable the water and potassium bicarbonate to enter the second chamber. The package is made by placing the water and potassium bicarbonate in the first chamber of a package; mixing the DAM with PEG to form a DAM:PEG mixture; infusing the sponge with the DAM:PEG mixture to distribute DAM within the sponge; and placing the sponge, DAM and PEG in a second chamber of the package. Infusing the sponge includes solubilizing the DAM:PEG mixture in ethanol or another low boiling point solvent to form an ethanol-DAM-PEG solution and applying the ethanol-DAM-PEG solution evenly to the sponge. The ethanol is removed by applying heat and/or vacuum to the sponge.

The invention is directed toward mutant, non-wild-type organophosphorus acid anhydrolase enzymes having three site mutations, methods of production, and methods of use to effectively degrade toxic organophosphorus compounds, most preferably GP (2, 2-dimethylcyclopentyl methylphosphonofluoridate).