Metal ion-directed carboxylic acid functionalized polyoxometalate hybrid compounds, and their preparation method and applications in catalyzing the degradation of chemical warfare agent simulants. In the synthesis, Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4, p-hydroxybenzonic acid (PHBA), alanine (Ala), KCl, transition metal cations and As.sub.2O.sub.3 as raw materials and water are used as solvent. At room temperature, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the prepared polyoxometalate hybrid compounds were mixed together in anhydrous ethanol and stirred, and H.sub.2O.sub.2 was subsequently added into the reaction system. The catalytic reaction for the degradation of CEES was finished within 5 min under stirring. In the catalytic hydrolysis of diethyl cyanophosphonate (DECP), the catalyst, DECP, DMF and H.sub.2O were put together and mixed fully. The prepared polyoxometalate hybrid compounds have the advantages of high conversion, high selectivity and easy recyclability in catalyzing the degradation of two types of chemical warfare agent simulant.

A treatment method is capable of degrading or sterilizing harmful substances or microorganisms of which the degradation, detoxification, or the like is not easy for ozone gas alone. A harmful substance treatment method is one that makes ozone gas act on harmful substances, microorganisms, or the like in an environment humidified using a surfactant solution. The harmful substances include anticancer drugs. As a surfactant to be used, a non-ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or an amphoteric surfactant can be used.

In one aspect, a composition for decomposing pharmaceutically active agents comprises an oxidizer comprising a permanganate, and an isocyanurate; and an immobilizer. In another aspect, a composition comprises up to 50 wt. % of an oxidizer comprising potassium permanganate and sodium dichloroisocyanurate dehydrate, wherein the wt. % is based on a total weight of the composition.

A CT value controller includes a storage means, an input means, and a computing means. The storage means stores a function expressing a relative humidity and a CT value regarding a degradation degree of an anticancer agent, an assumed relative humidity, and a CT setting. The input means inputs a measured relative humidity and a measured ozone concentration at a time of degradation treatment of the anticancer agent. The computing means calculates a corrected CT value increment based on a difference between the measured relative humidity and the assumed relative humidity at every input of the relative humidity and the ozone concentration by using the function. The computing means determines a termination of the degradation treatment of the anticancer agent when an integrated CT value of the corrected CT value increments reaches the CT setting.

A composition for decomposing pharmaceutically active agents, comprises up to 30 wt. % oxidizer; and up to 30 wt. % immobilizer; wherein the wt. % is based on a total weight of the composition.

The present invention relates to a method of detoxifying a liquid chemical agent using a metal organic framework having a surface modified with a basic amine-based compound. More particularly, a surface-modified metal organic framework having the amine-based compound deposited on a surface thereof and in pores thereof or bonded to the inside of a frame is prepared, and when the surface-modified metal organic framework comes into contact with the liquid chemical agent, a reaction with moisture in the atmosphere occurs, thus removing the liquid chemical agent through a hydrolysis reaction. It is possible to simultaneously detoxify various chemical agents such as a nerve agent and a vesicant, thus assuring a high detoxification effect on liquid chemical agents at room temperature even when using a small amount thereof.

A composition for decomposing pharmaceutically active agents, comprises up to 30 wt. % oxidizer; and up to 30 wt. % immobilizer; wherein the wt. % is based on a total weight of the composition.

An apparatus for the destruction of a precursor material includes a steam plasma reactor having a high temperature zone and a combustion zone. The high temperature zone is adapted for hydrolyzing the precursor material, whereas the combustion zone is adapted to effect medium temperature oxidation of the reactant stream where combustion oxygen or air is injected. A quenching unit is provided at an exit end of the reactor for quenching a resulting gas stream to avoid the formation of unwanted by-products.

There is provided a transgenic insect comprising a heterologous nucleic acid encoding a fungal laccase wherein the heterologous nucleic acid is integrated in the insect genome, wherein the heterologous nucleic acid is operably linked to a promoter, and expression of the laccase allows for production of an active fungal laccase in the insect. The insect or laccase preparations comprising meal or powder made from the insect are used to reduce or remove phenolic contaminants (such as BPA) or aromatic components (such as indigo dyes) from waste.

Microbiological cleaning formulations may include an aqueous solution of a microbial component comprising at least one sporogenous microbial species. The microbiological cleaning formulation may also include a nonionic surfactant. The microbiological cleaning formulations may further include additives, solvents, preservatives, stabilizers, and fragrance agents. The microbiological formulations are such that they may removes organic carcinogens from a surface of a material contaminated during firefighting-related activities or from exposure to organic carcinogens. Corresponding methods for removing organic carcinogens from a surface of a firefighting material may include applying the microbiological cleaning formulation on the surface of the firefighting material. Corresponding cleaning kits may include the microbiological cleaning formulation and an optional scrubbing element.