A light diffuser includes: a thermoplastic resin base which has a thermal expansion coefficient of at least 4×10.sup.−5/K and at most 8×10.sup.−5/K; and a light diffusion layer which is disposed on a surface of the thermoplastic resin base and includes an acrylic resin film and an acrylic resin particle, the acrylic resin film including one or more acrylic resins having a glass transition temperature of at least 30° C. and at most 50° C., the acrylic resin particle being included in the acrylic resin film and having an average particle size of at least 1 μm and at most 15 μm.

Disclosed is an illumination module array for a plant factory, the array comprising: first blue LED chips; second blue LED chips; a first combination of RGY phosphors applied on the first chip to form a first RGY phosphors-applied LED chip; a second combination of RGY phosphors applied on the second chip to form a second RGY phosphors-applied LED chip, wherein the first combination is configured by combining red, green, and yellow phosphors that light emission from the first RGY phosphors-applied LED chip has a spectrum having a relatively higher intensity in a red wavelength range; wherein the second combination is configured by combining red, green, and yellow phosphors that light emission from the second RGY phosphors-applied LED chip and has a spectrum having a relatively shaper change of an intensity thereof in a blue wavelength range.

A lighting system configured for daylight emulation. The system includes a plurality of light sources for generating a daylight-emulating output light spectrum. The system also includes a controller for dynamically controlling at least one of the intensity, directionality and color temperature to emulate sun position for at least one of a geography and time of day. The system further includes a networking facility that facilitates data communication with at least one external resource.

A lighting system configured for daylight emulation. The system includes a plurality of light sources for generating a daylight-emulating output light spectrum. The system also includes a controller for dynamically controlling at least one of the intensity, directionality and color temperature to emulate sun position for at least one of a geography and time of day. The system further includes a networking facility that facilitates data communication with at least one external resource.

An illumination apparatus that is to be disposed in a recess formed in a part of a building includes: a light-emitting module that includes a board and a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the board; a light diffuser that has translucency and covers the light-emitting module; and a specular reflector that is disposed between the light-emitting module and the light diffuser. The light-emitting module emits light toward the light diffuser, and the specular reflector reflects light from the light diffuser.

An illumination apparatus that is to be disposed in a recess formed in a part of a building includes: a light-emitting module that includes a board and a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the board; a light diffuser that has translucency and covers the light-emitting module; and a specular reflector that is disposed between the light-emitting module and the light diffuser. The light-emitting module emits light toward the light diffuser, and the specular reflector reflects light from the light diffuser.

A lighting system configured for daylight emulation. The system includes a plurality of light sources for generating a daylight-emulating output light spectrum. The system also includes a controller for dynamically controlling at least one of the intensity, directionality and color temperature to emulate sun position for at least one of a geography and time of day. The system further includes a networking facility that facilitates data communication with at least one external resource.

A lighting system configured for daylight emulation. The system includes a plurality of light sources for generating a daylight-emulating output light spectrum. The system also includes a controller for dynamically controlling at least one of the intensity, directionality and color temperature to emulate sun position for at least one of a geography and time of day. The system further includes a networking facility that facilitates data communication with at least one external resource.

A flexible illumination panel having a layered sheet-form configuration and including a bottom flexible sheet of a rigid material, a top flexible sheet formed by an optically transmissive, elastic material, and a two-dimensional array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted to the bottom flexible sheet and encapsulated between the top and bottom flexible sheets. The LEDs may further include rigid substrates (submounts) attached to the bottom flexible sheet.

A biological lighting system to provide temporally- and spatially-modulated photon flux output and spectral power distributions to plants on a circadian and circannual basis, or circadian and life cycle basis, to maximize effective and efficient growth in a horticultural setting. The photon flux or irradiance output and the spectral power distribution are modulated to match circadian and circannual rhythms, with individual or multiple luminaires controlled through one or more controllers. Different lighting spectra can be employed depending on the direction of illumination. The photon flux or irradiance output and the spectral power distribution may be set as best suited for any particular plant species, and the system is also useful for raising animals.