A fluid heating system for heating a production fluid using a thermal transfer fluid, the production fluid being contained in a vessel includes an electric blower configured to receive ambient air and electrical input power and to provide output source air, a combustion system configured to receive the source air from the electric blower and to receive fuel and to provide the thermal transfer fluid, a heat exchanger configured to receive the thermal transfer fluid from the combustion system and configured to provide heat exchange from the thermal transfer fluid to the production fluid, and to provide output exhaust gas, and wherein the electric fan provides a predetermined volume flow rate of the output source air at a predetermined blower efficiency such that the fluid heating system has a Bulk Heat Flux of at least about 14.7 kBTU/Hr/ft.sup.2 and a Pressure Drop of at least about 0.7 psi.

A fluid heating system for heating a production fluid using a thermal transfer fluid, the production fluid being contained in a vessel includes an electric blower configured to receive ambient air and electrical input power and to provide output source air, a combustion system configured to receive the source air from the electric blower and to receive fuel and to provide the thermal transfer fluid, a heat exchanger configured to receive the thermal transfer fluid from the combustion system and configured to provide heat exchange from the thermal transfer fluid to the production fluid, and to provide output exhaust gas, and wherein the electric fan provides a predetermined volume flow rate of the output source air at a predetermined blower efficiency such that the fluid heating system has a Bulk Heat Flux of at least about 14.7 kBTU/Hr/ft.sup.2 and a Pressure Drop of at least about 0.7 psi.

A fluid heating system for heating a production fluid using a thermal transfer fluid, the production fluid being contained in a vessel includes an electric blower configured to receive ambient air and electrical input power and to provide output source air, a combustion system configured to receive the source air from the electric blower and to receive fuel and to provide the thermal transfer fluid, a heat exchanger configured to receive the thermal transfer fluid from the combustion system and configured to provide heat exchange from the thermal transfer fluid to the production fluid, and to provide output exhaust gas, and wherein the electric fan provides a predetermined volume flow rate of the output source air at a predetermined blower efficiency such that the fluid heating system has a Bulk Heat Flux of at least about 14.7 kBTU/Hr/ft.sup.2 and a Pressure Drop of at least about 0.7 psi.

A system and method for decontaminating a fluid and recovered vapor, particularly processing and recycling water used in an oil zone steam process, utilizing a vaporizer-desalination unit to separate a contaminated water flow into a contaminated disposal flow and a clean water vapor flow. The contaminated water flow is recovered after separation from a combined oil and water flow from an oil well. The clean water vapor flow is preferably passed through a steam generator to produce the steam used in the oil zone steam process. The steam is injected into the oil zone of a designated well and then extracted as the combined oil and water flow. Once primed with sufficient external water, the system and method is designed to operate continuously with minimal replenishment because of the water/vapor/steam cycle.

A method for controlling a vapour compression system in an energy efficient and stable manner, the vapour compression system (1) including at least two evaporator groups (5a, 5b, 5c), each evaporator group (5a, 5b, 5c) including an ejector unit (7a, 7b, 7c), at least one evaporator (9a, 9b, 9c) and a flow control device (8a, 8b, 8c) controlling a flow of refrigerant to the at least one evaporator (9a, 9b, 9c). For each evaporator group (5a, 5b, 5c) the outlet of the evaporator (9a, 9b, 9c) is connected to a secondary inlet (12a, 12b, 12c) of the corresponding ejector unit (7a, 7b, 7c).

Disclosed is a process that combines interacting main processes and sub-processes to extract kinetic energy from thermal energy. These different interacting processes and sub-processes are physically separate from each other with the main processes operating as closed cycles that operate with two different process fluids parallel to each other and interact with each other, in order to consider and utilize sufficiently all three forms of energy, i.e. thermal energy, kinetic energy, and the energy of the phase changes. By interacting, these different main processes and sub-processes enable a combined-process that especially allows the highly efficient transformation of low temperature thermal energy into kinetic energy. Also disclosed is a system for carrying out the process.

Systems and methods for geothermal power generation using a closed-loop of liquid having low boiling temperature. A system for generating electricity includes: a storage tank to store a specific liquid, which has a boiling point of under 90 degrees Celsius; a closed-loop pipe sub-system, which penetrates underground to a depth of between 1,000 to 2,500 meters, and transports therein the specific liquid downwardly underground and then upwardly back towards ground level, and causes at least a portion of the specific liquid to boil underground due to proximity to a natural geothermal heat source; at least one turbine associated with an electric power generator, connected above ground level to the closed-loop pipe sub-system, to receive steam that results in from underground boiling of the specific liquid, to pass the steam through the turbine, and to generate electric power through the electric power generator

A liquid-to-vapor conversion device includes a chamber having an opening connected to a liquid intake, a pressure relief opening, and a vapor outlet. The device also includes a flow controller arranged at the level of the liquid intake, and a burst disk installed at the level of the pressure relief opening. Further, the device includes pressure-limiting means arranged at the level of the liquid intake. The pressure-limiting means is configured to decrease the flow rate in the liquid intake when the pressure in the liquid intake exceeds a threshold value smaller than a bursting pressure of the burst disk.

A liquid-to-vapor conversion device includes a chamber having an opening connected to a liquid intake, a pressure relief opening, and a vapor outlet. The device also includes a flow controller arranged at the level of the liquid intake, and a burst disk installed at the level of the pressure relief opening. Further, the device includes pressure-limiting means arranged at the level of the liquid intake. The pressure-limiting means is configured to decrease the flow rate in the liquid intake when the pressure in the liquid intake exceeds a threshold value smaller than a bursting pressure of the burst disk.

A coolant recirculation system of a nuclear power plant is provided that may include: a reactor vessel configured to accommodate a reactor core and a reactor coolant therein; a steam generator configured to transfer a gas, converted from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase by exchanging heat with the reactor coolant, to a turbine system; a pressurizer configured to control pressure of the reactor coolant in the reactor vessel; a primary system pressure reducing valve located above the pressurizer and configured to open at a predetermined pressure to discharge the reactor coolant into a containment building for rapid depressurization; and a moisture separator connected to the primary system pressure reducing valve to separate moisture. The moisture separator may separate the reactor coolant into a gaseous phase and a liquid phase. Then, the liquid phase reactor coolant may be returned to the reactor vessel to be recirculated.