A process for regasifying a fluid and generating electrical energy includes subjecting an operating fluid to 1) pumping, the pumping step including a low pressure pumping step 1a) and a high pressure pumping step 1b), 2) heating in a recuperator to obtain a heated flow, the heating step including a low temperature heat recovery step 2a) and a high temperature heat recovery step 2b), 3) further heating through a high temperature source to obtain a further heated flow, 4) expanding in a turbine, with generation of electrical energy to obtain an expanded flow, 5) cooling by heat exchange to obtain a cooled flow, and 6) condensing the flow of the operating fluid and regasifying the fluid. After low pressure pumping, a portion of the flow of the operating fluid is subjected to recompression to obtain a flow combined with the flow of the operating fluid obtained from step 2a).

A heat transfer tube for a boiler, an interior of the heat transfer tube having a supercritical pressure and being configured to have a heating medium flow therethrough, includes: a groove portion defined on an inner circumferential surface and having a spiral shape extending continuously toward a tube axis direction; and a rib portion extending continuously and protruding inward in a radial direction by the groove portion of the spiral shape. In a cross section taken along the tube axis direction, a width of the groove portion in the tube axis direction is defined as Wg, a height of the rib portion in the radial direction is defined as Hr and a tube outer diameter is defined as D, and the width Wg of the groove portion, the height Hr of the rib portion, and the tube outer diameter D satisfy Wg/(Hr.Math.D)>0.40.

A heat transfer tube for a boiler, an interior of the heat transfer tube having a supercritical pressure and being configured to have a heating medium flow therethrough, includes: a groove portion defined on an inner circumferential surface and having a spiral shape extending continuously toward a tube axis direction; and a rib portion extending continuously and protruding inward in a radial direction by the groove portion of the spiral shape. In a cross section taken along the tube axis direction, a width of the groove portion in the tube axis direction is defined as Wg, a height of the rib portion in the radial direction is defined as Hr and a tube outer diameter is defined as D, and the width Wg of the groove portion, the height Hr of the rib portion, and the tube outer diameter D satisfy Wg/(Hr.Math.D)>0.40.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, method, and apparatus comprising a direct steam generator configured to generate saturated steam or superheated steam and combustion exhaust constituents. A CONVAPORATOR Unit (CU) can be fluidly coupled to the direct steam generator. The CU can be configured to route the saturated steam or superheated steam and combustion exhaust constituents through a condenser portion of the CU via a condenser side steam conduit and can be configured to condense the super-heated steam or saturated steam to form a condensate. A separation tank and water return system can be fluidly coupled to a condenser side condensate conduit of the condenser portion of the CU. The separation tank and water return system can be configured to separate the combustion exhaust constituents from the condensate. An evaporator portion of the CU can be fluidly coupled with the separation tank and water return system via an evaporator side condensate conduit. The evaporator portion can be configured to evaporate the condensate from the separation tank and water return system via heat transfer between the condenser portion and evaporator portion to form steam. A turbine can be fluidly coupled with the evaporator portion of the CU via an evaporator side steam conduit.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, method, and apparatus comprising a direct steam generator configured to generate saturated steam or superheated steam and combustion exhaust constituents. A CONVAPORATOR Unit (CU) can be fluidly coupled to the direct steam generator. The CU can be configured to route the saturated steam or superheated steam and combustion exhaust constituents through a condenser portion of the CU via a condenser side steam conduit and can be configured to condense the super-heated steam or saturated steam to form a condensate. A separation tank and water return system can be fluidly coupled to a condenser side condensate conduit of the condenser portion of the CU. The separation tank and water return system can be configured to separate the combustion exhaust constituents from the condensate. An evaporator portion of the CU can be fluidly coupled with the separation tank and water return system via an evaporator side condensate conduit. The evaporator portion can be configured to evaporate the condensate from the separation tank and water return system via heat transfer between the condenser portion and evaporator portion to form steam. A turbine can be fluidly coupled with the evaporator portion of the CU via an evaporator side steam conduit.

A supercritical hydrothermal combustion device comprises a main enclosure and a top cap. A partition is mounted in the main enclosure and divides the interior of the main enclosure into a main combustion space and a mixing space. The top cap is provided with a primary fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and a secondary fuel inlet. A high-temperature ignition bar sleeve, having a high-temperature ignition bar arranged therein, is disposed in the top cap. A combustion sleeve, having a stable combustion space formed therein, is mounted at a bottom of the top cap, and has a top communicated with the high-temperature ignition bar sleeve and the oxidant inlet, as well as a bottom communicated with the main combustion space. The secondary fuel inlet and a secondary oxidant inlet are communicated with the main combustion space. Supercritical hydrothermal combustion is realized to generate a hybrid thermal fluid or treat organic wastes.

A supercritical hydrothermal combustion device comprises a main enclosure and a top cap. A partition is mounted in the main enclosure and divides the interior of the main enclosure into a main combustion space and a mixing space. The top cap is provided with a primary fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and a secondary fuel inlet. A high-temperature ignition bar sleeve, having a high-temperature ignition bar arranged therein, is disposed in the top cap. A combustion sleeve, having a stable combustion space formed therein, is mounted at a bottom of the top cap, and has a top communicated with the high-temperature ignition bar sleeve and the oxidant inlet, as well as a bottom communicated with the main combustion space. The secondary fuel inlet and a secondary oxidant inlet are communicated with the main combustion space. Supercritical hydrothermal combustion is realized to generate a hybrid thermal fluid or treat organic wastes.

A gas turbine engine includes a first shaft coupled to a first turbine and a first compressor, a second shaft coupled to a second turbine and a second compressor, and a third shaft coupled to a third turbine and a fan assembly. The turbine engine includes a heat rejection heat exchanger configured to reject heat from a closed loop system with air passed from the fan assembly, and a combustor positioned to receive compressed air from the second compressor as a core stream. The closed-loop system includes the first, second, and third turbines and the first compressor and receives energy input from the combustor.

Apparatus for recovering energy from water is disclosed. Water is heated by application of electrical energy to heaters and contacting the water with the heaters in a manner and under pressure and temperature conditions such that it is instantaneously converted to gas.

Apparatus for recovering energy from water is disclosed. Water is heated by application of electrical energy to heaters and contacting the water with the heaters in a manner and under pressure and temperature conditions such that it is instantaneously converted to gas.