This invention relates to electric power industry, and can be used in horizontal steam generators for nuclear power plants (NPP) with a water-water energetic reactor (VVER). We claim a steam generator primary circuit coolant header with U-shaped tubes of a horizontal heat-exchange bundle designed as a thick-wall welded vessel with a perforated central cylindrical part designed so as to allow installation and fastening of a U-shaped heat-exchange tube bundle in the same, wherein the tubes are grouped into banks and separated by vertical inter-tubular tunnels, a lower cylindrical part designed so as to allow welded connection with the steam generator vessel connection pipe, and an upper cylindrical part with a conical adapter to the flange connection of the manhole with a lid, wherein primary circuit header outer diameter D.sub.head in the central part is selected based on formula.

The technical result of the invention involves assurance of strength of the header wall bridges between holes for fastening of heat-exchange tubes and leaktightness of heat-exchange tube connections with the header assuming that the outer surface of the perforated header part is more efficiently (fully) used for tubing.

This invention relates to electric power industry, and more particularly to horizontal steam generators for nuclear power plants with a water-cooled water-moderated power reactor (VVER) and to reactor plants with a VVER reactor and a horizontal steam generator. A reactor plant with a VVER reactor and a horizontal seam generator, including a nuclear reactor with four circulation loops, each comprising a steam generator with a horizontal bundle of heat-exchange tubes divided into banks by means of inter-tubular tunnels and connected to primary circuit coolant headers inside a cylindrical pressure vessel with elliptical bottoms, a reactor coolant pump, and a primary circuit coolant main circulation pipeline.

This invention relates to electric power industry, and more particularly to horizontal steam generators for nuclear power plants with a water-cooled water-moderated power reactor (VVER) and to reactor plants with a VVER reactor and a horizontal steam generator. A reactor plant with a VVER reactor and a horizontal seam generator, including a nuclear reactor with four circulation loops, each comprising a steam generator with a horizontal bundle of heat-exchange tubes divided into banks by means of inter-tubular tunnels and connected to primary circuit coolant headers inside a cylindrical pressure vessel with elliptical bottoms, a reactor coolant pump, and a primary circuit coolant main circulation pipeline.

The invention relates to steam generators for VVER nuclear power plants. We claim a steam generator with a horizontal heat-exchange tube bundle comprising a welded cylinder vessel manufactured of steel shells and equipped with at least one feed water supply connection pipe and one steam removal connection pipe, and two elliptical bottoms, vessel internals, inlet and outlet headers connected to the heat-exchange tube bundle forming a heat-exchange surface of the steam generator, wherein inner diameter dvess of the steam generator vessel is selected based on a formula. The steam generator vessel is filled with heat-exchange bundle tubes from the bottom upwards to the height of three quarters of its inner diameter or less, the remaining space in the top part of steam generator vessel is left for steam drying. The technical result is creation of a steam generator with a decreased specific amount of metal per structure wherein the generated steam is dried in one with the heat-exchange surface.

An apparatus and method for generating a vapor with a compact vaporizer design and exposing the gas and liquid mixture for vaporization to a reduced maximum temperature. A gas and liquid droplet flow through a metal housing configured to heat the gas and liquid droplet mixture flow for vaporization includes directing the gas and liquid droplet mixture through an inlet of the metal housing and flowing the gas through a tortious flow path defined by a plurality of tubular flow passageways arranged around a central axis for vaporization. Residual liquid droplets may be further vaporized by flowing through a second metal housing configured to heat the gas and liquid droplet mixture for vaporization and having a similar construction to the first metal housing and providing a second tortious flow path.

A heat exchanger (10) is disclosed for providing heat exchange between fluids (24, 25), such as in a solar power plant (1), wherein said heat exchanger (10) comprises a first pipe connector (13) and a second pipe connector (14), and a pipe bundle (17) extending between the first and second pipe connectors (13, 14), wherein said pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) are configured to guide a second fluid (25), wherein said pipe bundle (17) is connected to the first and second pipe connectors (13, 14) at pipe connection points (16) so the inside of the pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) is in fluid communication with the cavities (15) of the first and second pipe connector (13, 14), and wherein pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) are arranged next to each other and extend together between the pipe connectors (13, 14) in a meandering manner providing a plurality of crests (20a, 20b) on the pipes (17a-17n) between the pipe connectors (13, 14), and so that crests (20) of pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) are arranged to extend into recesses (21) provided by one or more crests (20) on other pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17).

A heat exchanger (10) is disclosed for providing heat exchange between fluids (24, 25), such as in a solar power plant (1), wherein said heat exchanger (10) comprises a first pipe connector (13) and a second pipe connector (14), and a pipe bundle (17) extending between the first and second pipe connectors (13, 14), wherein said pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) are configured to guide a second fluid (25), wherein said pipe bundle (17) is connected to the first and second pipe connectors (13, 14) at pipe connection points (16) so the inside of the pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) is in fluid communication with the cavities (15) of the first and second pipe connector (13, 14), and wherein pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) are arranged next to each other and extend together between the pipe connectors (13, 14) in a meandering manner providing a plurality of crests (20a, 20b) on the pipes (17a-17n) between the pipe connectors (13, 14), and so that crests (20) of pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17) are arranged to extend into recesses (21) provided by one or more crests (20) on other pipes (17a-17n) of the pipe bundle (17).

A method for cell disruption and extraction of a plant, includes placing plant material on a porous container, placing the porous container into a reaction device, and producing water ion steam of an atmospheric pressure by a water ion generator. The water ion steam infiltrates the porous container and permeates the plant material. The water ion steam penetrate cells of the plant material and breaks the cell wall of the cells, to cause a cell disruption. The residual water ion steam is drained outward from the exhaust pipe of the box.

In a multi-tube once-through boiler configured such that boiler water within water tubes is heated and evaporated to take out consumed steam, rows of water tubes arranged on the left and right of the combustion chamber are respectively connected by linear left and right upper headers provided at upper ends and linear left and right lower headers provided at lower ends, a lid body is formed on one end side facing the combustion chamber and a burner for supplying combustion gas to the combustion chamber is provided, and the burner is provided with a recovered oil supply unit for supplying recovered oil, a waste solvent supply unit for supplying a waste solvent, an injected air supply unit, a combustion air supply unit, and a control unit for controlling the supply of the recovered oil, the waste solvent, the injected air, and the combustion air.

An energy storage system converts variable renewable electricity (VRE) to continuous heat at over 1000° C. Intermittent electrical energy heats a solid medium. Heat from the solid medium is delivered continuously on demand. An array of bricks incorporating internal radiation cavities is directly heated by thermal radiation. The cavities facilitate rapid, uniform heating via reradiation. Heat delivery via flowing gas establishes a thermocline which maintains high outlet temperature throughout discharge. Gas flows through structured pathways within the array, delivering heat which may be used for processes including calcination, hydrogen electrolysis, steam generation, and thermal power generation and cogeneration. Groups of thermal storage arrays may be controlled and operated at high temperatures without thermal runaway via deep-discharge sequencing. Forecast-based control enables continuous, year-round heat supply using current and advance information of weather and VRE availability. High-voltage DC power conversion and distribution circuitry improves the efficiency of VRE power transfer into the system.