The time for steam generated in a low temperature heating device to reach a saturated steam temperature is reduced a low temperature heating device configured to heat supplied water by using heat of sunlight to generate steam; a steam separation device configured to separate two-phase water-steam fluid generated in the low temperature heating device into water and steam; and a high temperature heating device configured to heat the steam separated in the steam separation device by using heat of sunlight reflected by a plurality of heliostats to generate superheated steam.

A water purifying and desalination system includes a solar concentrator that receives a sunlight and directs the sunlight toward heat collection elements. The collection element absorbs and converts a solar radiation into thermal energy. A tracking system selectively rotates the solar concentrator between a first position and a second position. Orientation devices maintain an upper chamber of a superheater tube of the heat collection elements orientated above a lower chamber of the superheater tube when the tracking system rotates the solar concentrator between the first position and the second position.

A water purifying and desalination system includes a solar concentrator that receives a sunlight and directs the sunlight toward heat collection elements. The collection element absorbs and converts a solar radiation into thermal energy. A tracking system selectively rotates the solar concentrator between a first position and a second position. Orientation devices maintain an upper chamber of a superheater tube of the heat collection elements orientated above a lower chamber of the superheater tube when the tracking system rotates the solar concentrator between the first position and the second position.

A radiant heat recovery heater includes U-shaped heat transfer tubes each including a first path and a second path arranged on a mounting section. The U-shaped heat transfer tubes are housed in a container fixed to the mounting section. The first paths and the second paths of the U-shaped heat transfer tubes are arranged on the mounting section at equal intervals with a pitch angle . The first paths are each arranged on the mounting section at a position offset from the pitch angle for the associated second path by a predetermined angle , so as not to completely overlap a projection of that second path, the projection extending from the container toward the center C of the container.

A method generates superheated steam using heat generated in a boiler of an incineration plant. The pre-superheated steam is fed to a final superheater that includes a plurality of final superheater pipes through which the pre-superheated steam is guided and is finally superheated in the process. The final superheater pipes (are arranged at least partially in at least one cavity (formed in an interior of a wall element of the boiler and/or of a bulkhead arranged in the boiler. The cavity is closed off on a boiler side at least partially by a refractory material layer and is flowed over by flue gas released during combustion. A secondary medium flows through the cavity and is heated via heat transfer from the flue gas via the refractory material layer. The heated secondary medium is fed via a secondary medium feed line to a secondary heat exchanger.

A method generates superheated steam using heat generated in a boiler of an incineration plant. The pre-superheated steam is fed to a final superheater that includes a plurality of final superheater pipes through which the pre-superheated steam is guided and is finally superheated in the process. The final superheater pipes (are arranged at least partially in at least one cavity (formed in an interior of a wall element of the boiler and/or of a bulkhead arranged in the boiler. The cavity is closed off on a boiler side at least partially by a refractory material layer and is flowed over by flue gas released during combustion. A secondary medium flows through the cavity and is heated via heat transfer from the flue gas via the refractory material layer. The heated secondary medium is fed via a secondary medium feed line to a secondary heat exchanger.

The time for steam generated in a low temperature heating device to reach a saturated steam temperature is reduced a low temperature heating device configured to heat supplied water by using heat of sunlight to generate steam; a steam separation device configured to separate two-phase water-steam fluid generated in the low temperature heating device into water and steam; and a high temperature heating device configured to heat the steam separated in the steam separation device by using heat of sunlight reflected by a plurality of heliostats to generate superheated steam.

A modification of a power boiler is disclosed, which comprises water walls enclosing the furnace for heating water and producing steam; a superheater system provided above the furnace for superheating steam; an additional superheater mounted in the furnace for further superheating steam from the superheater system. A modifying method of a power boiler is also disclosed, which comprises steps of mounting an additional superheater on water walls in a furnace; connecting an output of a superheater system to an inlet of the additional superheater; and connecting an outlet of the additional superheater to a turbine for producing power at an improved plant heat rate.

A deviation between an inlet-outlet temperature difference of a first superheater part and an inlet-outlet temperature difference of each of second superheater parts can be reduced so that a difference in thermal expansion between the first superheater part and the second superheater part can be reduced. It is therefore possible to avoid damage on heat transfer pipes. A solar collector for a solar heat boiler is provided with: cylindrical headers (1,3,5) which are connected to opposite end portions of heat transfer pipes; and a solar heat collection portion including the heat transfer pipes and membrane bars fixing the heat transfer pipes to one another; wherein: the cylindrical headers include an inlet header (1) into which a fluid to be heated flows, an intermediate header (3) which is disposed in a position opposed to the inlet header (1) with interposition of the heat transfer pipes, and two outlet headers (5,5) which are provided to extend on opposite end sides of the inlet header and through which the fluid from the intermediate header can be discharged to the outside; and the solar heat collection portion includes a first superheating portion (2) which has a group of the heat transfer pipes connected between the inlet header (1) and the intermediate header (3) so as to form a center region of the solar heat collection portion, and second superheating portions (4,4) which have groups of the heat transfer pipes connected between the intermediate header (3) and the two outlet headers (5) so as to be formed on opposite sides of the first superheating portion (2) respectively.

A deviation between an inlet-outlet temperature difference of a first superheater part and an inlet-outlet temperature difference of each of second superheater parts can be reduced so that a difference in thermal expansion between the first superheater part and the second superheater part can be reduced. It is therefore possible to avoid damage on heat transfer pipes. A solar collector for a solar heat boiler is provided with: cylindrical headers (1,3,5) which are connected to opposite end portions of heat transfer pipes; and a solar heat collection portion including the heat transfer pipes and membrane bars fixing the heat transfer pipes to one another; wherein: the cylindrical headers include an inlet header (1) into which a fluid to be heated flows, an intermediate header (3) which is disposed in a position opposed to the inlet header (1) with interposition of the heat transfer pipes, and two outlet headers (5,5) which are provided to extend on opposite end sides of the inlet header and through which the fluid from the intermediate header can be discharged to the outside; and the solar heat collection portion includes a first superheating portion (2) which has a group of the heat transfer pipes connected between the inlet header (1) and the intermediate header (3) so as to form a center region of the solar heat collection portion, and second superheating portions (4,4) which have groups of the heat transfer pipes connected between the intermediate header (3) and the two outlet headers (5) so as to be formed on opposite sides of the first superheating portion (2) respectively.