A method for operating a combustion system includes outputting fuel and oxidant from a fuel and oxidant source onto a flame holder. The method further includes sustaining a combustion reaction of the fuel and the oxidant within the perforated flame holder.

A refractory apparatus may include a refractory bock comprising a heat shield. The refractory block can include a group of flue gas ports that acts as a gateway for flue gas produced due to combustion downstream of a burner. A suction created in the burner drives the flue gas into the burner through the flue gas ports. A group of staged risers can be housed within the refractory block. The staged risers are protected in staged fuel riser housings in the refractory block. A discharge cone is located in the refractory block for flame stabilization in the burner.

A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.

A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.

The pre-mix burner assembly includes a jet pump comprising a combustion air tube, a flue gas inlet, and a suction chamber. The combustion air tube has an inlet and a tapered nozzle, and it is connected to a combustion gas fan. The flue gas inlet is connected to the suction chamber and the furnace chamber or other flue gas source. The suction chamber surrounds the combustion air tube, and it has a jet pump nozzle with a discharge. The combustion air exiting the combustion air nozzle creates a negative pressure in the suction chamber and draws flue gas into the suction chamber. There is a burner housing positioned downstream of the jet pump discharge. There is a fuel gas inlet connected to a mixing tube in the burner housing, and a burner block connected to the outlet of the burner housing.

The pre-mix burner assembly includes a jet pump comprising a combustion air tube, a flue gas inlet, and a suction chamber. The combustion air tube has an inlet and a tapered nozzle, and it is connected to a combustion gas fan. The flue gas inlet is connected to the suction chamber and the furnace chamber or other flue gas source. The suction chamber surrounds the combustion air tube, and it has a jet pump nozzle with a discharge. The combustion air exiting the combustion air nozzle creates a negative pressure in the suction chamber and draws flue gas into the suction chamber. There is a burner housing positioned downstream of the jet pump discharge. There is a fuel gas inlet connected to a mixing tube in the burner housing, and a burner block connected to the outlet of the burner housing.

A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.

A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.