The invention relates to a method for operating a fluidized bed boiler (6), comprising the steps of: a) providing fresh ilmenite particles having a shape factor of 0.8 or lower as bed material to the fluidized bed boiler (6); b) carrying out a fluidized bed combustion process; c) removing at least one ash stream comprising ilmenite particles from the fluidized bed boiler; d) separating ilmenite particles from the at least one ash stream, wherein the separation includes a step of using a magnetic separator (12) comprising a field strength of 2,000 Gauss or more; e) recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler; wherein the average residence time of ilmenite particles in the fluidized bed is 100 h or more.

The invention relates to a method for operating a fluidized bed boiler (6), comprising the steps of: a) providing fresh ilmenite particles having a shape factor of 0.8 or lower as bed material to the fluidized bed boiler (6); b) carrying out a fluidized bed combustion process; c) removing at least one ash stream comprising ilmenite particles from the fluidized bed boiler; d) separating ilmenite particles from the at least one ash stream, wherein the separation includes a step of using a magnetic separator (12) comprising a field strength of 2,000 Gauss or more; e) recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler; wherein the average residence time of ilmenite particles in the fluidized bed is 100 h or more.

The present invention relates to a chemical looping combustion and carbon dioxide direct reduction (CLC-CDR) integration system and an operation method thereof, particularly to a chemical looping combustion and carbon dioxide direct reduction (CLC-CDR) integration system including: an air reactor, wherein an oxygen carrier particle is oxidized by reacting with injected air and air from which oxygen was partially removed is discharged; a fuel reactor, wherein the oxidized oxygen carrier particle is supplied, a supplied fuel is reacted to reduce the oxidized oxygen carrier particle, and carbon dioxide including H.sub.2O is discharged; and a carbon dioxide reduction reactor, wherein the reduced oxygen carrier particle is supplied, supplied carbon dioxide is reacted to discharge carbon monoxide, and the reduced oxygen carrier particle is partially oxidized and supplied to the air reactor.

The present invention relates to a chemical looping combustion and carbon dioxide direct reduction (CLC-CDR) integration system and an operation method thereof, particularly to a chemical looping combustion and carbon dioxide direct reduction (CLC-CDR) integration system including: an air reactor, wherein an oxygen carrier particle is oxidized by reacting with injected air and air from which oxygen was partially removed is discharged; a fuel reactor, wherein the oxidized oxygen carrier particle is supplied, a supplied fuel is reacted to reduce the oxidized oxygen carrier particle, and carbon dioxide including H.sub.2O is discharged; and a carbon dioxide reduction reactor, wherein the reduced oxygen carrier particle is supplied, supplied carbon dioxide is reacted to discharge carbon monoxide, and the reduced oxygen carrier particle is partially oxidized and supplied to the air reactor.

According to one or more embodiments, a chemical feed distributor may include a chemical feed inlet and a body. The chemical feed inlet may pass a chemical feed stream into the chemical feed distributor. The body may comprise one or more walls that may define an elongated chemical feed stream flow path and a plurality of chemical feed outlets. The plurality of chemical feed outlets may be spaced on the walls. The plurality of chemical feed outlets may be operable to pass the chemical feed stream out of the chemical feed distributor. The elongated chemical feed stream flow path may comprise an upstream fluid flow path portion and a downstream fluid flow path portion. The walls may be positioned such that the average cross-sectional area of the upstream fluid flow path portion is greater than the average cross-sectional area of the downstream fluid flow path portion.

According to one or more embodiments, a chemical feed distributor may include a chemical feed inlet and a body. The chemical feed inlet may pass a chemical feed stream into the chemical feed distributor. The body may comprise one or more walls that may define an elongated chemical feed stream flow path and a plurality of chemical feed outlets. The plurality of chemical feed outlets may be spaced on the walls. The plurality of chemical feed outlets may be operable to pass the chemical feed stream out of the chemical feed distributor. The elongated chemical feed stream flow path may comprise an upstream fluid flow path portion and a downstream fluid flow path portion. The walls may be positioned such that the average cross-sectional area of the upstream fluid flow path portion is greater than the average cross-sectional area of the downstream fluid flow path portion.

A method is presented of thermal decomposition to crack ethane and/or higher alkane hydrocarbon feed or the mixture of any of these hydrocarbons to break down into component elements or simpler constituents using heat from a hot metal agent from a chemical looping combustion process.

A catalyst regenerator according to an embodiment of the present invention, as a catalyst regenerator that regenerates a coked catalyst separated from a product produced in an endothermic catalytic reaction of a fluidized bed reactor, includes: a reaction chamber that includes a regeneration space, receives the coked catalyst from a standpipe connected to the regeneration space, and discharges a regenerated catalyst to an outlet; a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject a fuel for combustion into the regeneration space; and a fuel supplier that is connected to the reaction chamber to inject an air for combustion into the regeneration space, wherein the fuel injected from the fuel supplier is a reformed fuel containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

The invention relates to a CLC plant for the combustion of solid hydrocarbon feedstocks generating particles of unburnt residues, comprising a solid/solid separator above the combustion reactor in order to efficiently separate the particles of the oxygen-carrying solid from the particles of unburnt residues contained in the gas/solid mixture (14) exiting from the combustion reactor. The chamber (1) of the solid/solid separator, the combustion reactor and the inlet (2) for the gas/solid mixture (14) of the chamber have a parallelepiped shape. The inlet (2) is equipped at its top with means (3) for distribution of said gas/solid mixture in the chamber which extend over the entire length of the inlet, improving the solid/solid separation.

The invention relates to a CLC plant for the combustion of solid hydrocarbon feedstocks generating particles of unburnt residues, comprising a solid/solid separator above the combustion reactor in order to efficiently separate the particles of the oxygen-carrying solid from the particles of unburnt residues contained in the gas/solid mixture (14) exiting from the combustion reactor. The chamber (1) of the solid/solid separator, the combustion reactor and the inlet (2) for the gas/solid mixture (14) of the chamber have a parallelepiped shape. The inlet (2) is equipped at its top with means (3) for distribution of said gas/solid mixture in the chamber which extend over the entire length of the inlet, improving the solid/solid separation.