A gas burner including a gas distribution element and a metal foam matrix burner covering the distribution element. A heat sink partially surrounds, and is spaced apart from, the metal foam matrix. The heat sink has an open end to vent exhaust emissions. The gas burner provides reduced nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide emissions and effective heat transfer modes (conduction, convection and radiation) compared to state-of-the-art burner technologies.

A method destroys organic liquid contaminants contained in a plurality of below-ground volumes by smoldering combustion. The method applies heat to at least a portion of a first one of the volumes of organic liquid and forces oxidant into the first volume of organic liquid so as to initiate self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the first volume of organic liquid. The method may terminate the heat applied to the first volume of organic liquid. Next, the method modulates the flow of the oxidant into the first volume of organic liquid so as to cause at least a portion of the first volume of organic liquid to migrate and come into contact with another one of the volumes of organic liquid, so as to propagate the smoldering combustion. In an alternative embodiment, the flow of the oxidant may be modulated to establish a substantially stationary combustion front.

A method is provided for combusting a metal M, selected from alkali, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, and zinc, and alloys and/or mixtures thereof, using a combustion gas. The combustion is performed using a porous burner including a porous tube as the burner. A device for performing such method is also disclosed, as well as the use of a porous burner including a porous tube as the burner for combusting the metal M using the combustion gas.

A gas mixing device capable of safely mixing flammable gas containing, for example, methane or the like and combustion supporting gas such as oxygen-containing gas, and a synthesis gas producing device using this gas mixing device. Flammable gas containing methane or the like and combustion supporting gas such as oxygen-containing gas are supplied into a mixing vessel via a first gas supplying section and a second gas supplying section respectively, and these gases are mixed within a combustion range in the vessel to be discharged via a discharge section. In the mixing vessel, packings for forming a large number of narrow gas flow passages in the vessel are packed so that velocity of the mixed gas flowing in the vessel becomes higher than burning velocity of the flammable gas and the combustion supporting gas.

A mixture of air and fuel is received into a reaction chamber of a gas turbine system. The fuel is oxidized in the reaction chamber, and a maximum temperature of the mixture in the reaction chamber is controlled to be substantially at or below an inlet temperature of a turbine of the gas turbine system. The oxidation of the fuel is initiated by raising the temperature of the mixture to or above an auto-ignition temperature of the fuel. In some cases, the reaction chamber may be provided without a fuel oxidation catalyst material.

A down-fired flame burner includes a flame holder positioned below the burner. The flame holder includes a plurality of perforations that collectively confine a combustion reaction of the burner to the flame holder.

Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

A homogeneous charge continuous oxidation system for generating heat can include a fuel gas source, an oxygen source, and a carbon dioxide source. The oxygen source can include oxygen gas that is substantially free of nitrogen or that contains nitrogen in an amount less than 10 vol %. The system can also include an oxidation chamber including an oxidation product outlet and at least one inlet connected to the fuel gas source, the oxygen source, and the carbon dioxide source to receive a gas mixture of fuel gas, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. A body of porous material can be within the oxidation chamber and positioned in a flow path of the gas mixture between the at least one inlet and the oxidation product outlet such that oxidation occurs within the body of porous material.

Provided are a glass tempering furnace and method. The glass tempering furnace includes a preheating furnace section, a heating furnace section, and a soaking furnace section. The preheating furnace section is divided into multiple sections along the glass traveling direction. Each section has a smoke suction port and a smoke ejection port. The preheating furnace section is configured to suck smoke from the heating furnace section through the smoke suction port. The smoke ejection port is configured to deliver the sucked smoke to the preheating furnace section. The heating furnace section has multiple infrared burners. Each infrared burner is a porous medium burner. Multiple air ducts are disposed in the soaking furnace section and configured to generate horizontally parallel airflow on the upper and lower surfaces of glass.