A circulating fluidized bed boiler is described, comprising a furnace, a loopseal, and a loopseal heat exchanger arranged in the loopseal. The loopseal heat exchanger comprises walls limiting an interior of the loopseal heat exchanger, a first particle outlet for letting out particulate material from the loopseal heat exchanger, an inlet for receiving bed material, heat exchanger tubes arranged in the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger, and a first ash removal channel configured to let out ash from the loopseal heat exchanger. An ash cooler is configured to receive ash from the first ash removal channel. In the loopseal heat exchanger the first ash removal channel is arranged at a lower level than the first particle outlet.

A method for recapturing sulfur in a chemical looping system includes receiving a flue gas stream containing a sulfur-containing species, reducing a temperature of the flue gas stream, introducing a calcium-based makeup material to the reduced temperature flue gas stream, capturing the sulfur-containing species from the reduced temperature flue gas stream, and recycling the sulfur-containing species to a reducer of the chemical looping system.

The present invention concerns a CLC method and plant for a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising combustion of said hydrocarbon feedstock (8) on contact with an oxygen carrier in form of particles in a reduction zone (R0), and oxidation of the oxygen carrier from reduction zone (R0) on contact with an oxidizing gas, preferably air, in an oxidation zone. According to the invention, gaseous oxygen is released by the oxygen carrier in a sealing device (S1) operating in a dual fluidized bed and positioned in the path of said carrier from the oxidation zone to the combustion zone, and it is mixed with part of the combustion fumes intended to be recycled to the reduction zone. The gaseous oxygen then enables combustion of the residual unburned species that may be contained in the combustion fumes and/or it participates in the combustion of the hydrocarbon feedstock in the reduction zone.

A method for recapturing sulfur in a chemical looping system includes receiving a flue gas stream containing a sulfur-containing species, reducing a temperature of the flue gas stream, introducing a calcium-based makeup material to the reduced temperature flue gas stream, capturing the sulfur-containing species from the reduced temperature flue gas stream, and recycling the sulfur-containing species to a reducer of the chemical looping system.

A counter-current catalyst regenerator with at least two stages of counter-current contact along with a regenerator riser is proposed. Each stage may comprise a permeable barrier that allows upward passage of oxygen-containing gas and downward passage of coked catalyst into each stage, but inhibits upward movement of catalyst to mitigate back mixing and approximate true counter-current contact and efficient combustion of coke from catalyst. The regenerator riser may provide a passage to transport the catalyst and may serve as a secondary stage for coke combustion to provide the regenerated catalyst.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for cooling hot product gas are provided. The method includes introducing cooled solid into a downward or upward contactor where heat transfer between solid and product gas. After separating solid and product gas in cyclone system, cooled product gas flows to process downstream and hot solid is introduced into a fluidized bed solid cooler from the cyclone dipleg. The hot solid flows through the shell side of the fluidized bed cooler and exchanger heat with the coolant in the tube side. The cooled solid flows through a mechanical or non-mechanical valve back into the downward/upward contactor and complete the cycle.

A cyclone for separating solid material from a mixture of the solid material and a gaseous substance. The cyclone comprises a cylindrical body having a central axis in a first direction and an inlet channel. The cyclone is configured to let out the solid material from the cylindrical body in the first direction. An interior of the inlet channel tapers in the first direction towards a bottom of the inlet channel. Additionally, the cyclone comprises nozzles arranged at the bottom of the inlet channel, the nozzles being configured to feed gas to the inlet channel for enhancing flow of the solid material at the bottom of the inlet channel. A thermal system comprising the cyclone. Use of the cyclone such that the first direction is downwards.

The invention relates to a device for continuously sorting a particulate stream, comprising: a) a conveyor (1) for conveying the particulate stream to a separation device, b) a sieve (7) for separating the particulate stream according to size, characterized in that it further comprises c) a per-sieve (3) comprising elongated sieve openings located between the convey or outlet and the sieve d) and a mechanical impact device for providing mechanical impacts to the pre-sieve (3). The pre-sieve allows to separate elongated objects like threads or wires form the particulate stream which would otherwise clog or block subsequent separation devices including the sieve.

A composition for binding metal oxides, a metal oxide pellet produced with the binder and metal oxide, and methods for producing the metal oxide pellets. The binder composition includes a pelletizing agent comprising at least one of a cement, a bitumen, and a polymer and a sinter enhancer comprising at least one of a metal sulfide, a metal chloride, and a metal nitrate.

To improve operational efficiency by effectively utilizing produced carbon dioxide in a chemical loop reaction system, a chemical loop reaction system 100 includes an oxidation column 10 to oxidize metal particles M into metal oxide particles MO, a reduction column 20 to react the metal oxide particles MO with a reducing agent R to reduce the metal oxide particle MO into the metal particles M while producing carbon dioxide, and a circulator 60 that circulates the metal particles M and the metal oxide particles MO between the reduction column 20 and the oxidation column 10 and includes a carbon dioxide supply line 70 that supplies the carbon dioxide produced in the reduction column 20 to at least one of the reduction column 20 and the oxidation column 10.