A gas burner for use in low-oxygen environments in which the oxygen concentration is insufficient to ensure complete combustion. The burner includes a central air supply that is annularly surrounded by a gas supply, thereby preventing the fuel from burning out with a delay in places where burn-out is detrimental to a system or plant.

Aspects provide for volatilizing a biomass-based fuel stream, removing undesirable components from the resulting volatiles stream, and combusting the resulting stream (e.g., in a kiln). Removal of particles, ash, and/or H2O from the volatiles stream improves its economic value and enhances the substitution of legacy (e.g., fossil) fuels with biomass-based fuels. Aspects may be particularly advantageous for upgrading otherwise low-quality biomass to a fuel specification sufficient for industrial implementation. A volatilization reactor may include a fluidized bed reactor, which may comprise multiple stages and/or a splashgenerator. A splashgenerator may impart directed momentum to a portion of the bed to increase bed transport via directed flow.

Disclosed is a system and method for the combustion of biomass material employing a swirling fluidized bed combustion (SFBC) chamber, and preferably a second stage combustion carried out in a cyclone separator. In the combustion chamber, primary air is introduced from a bottom air box that fluidizes the bed material and fuel, and staged secondary air is introduced in the tangential direction and at varied vertical positions in the combustion chamber so as to cause the materials in the combustion chamber (i.e., the mixture of air and particles) to swirl. The secondary air injection can have a significant effect on the air-fuel particle flow in the combustion chamber, and more particularly strengthens the swirling flow, promotes axial recirculation, increases particle mass fluxes in the combustion chamber, and retains more fuel particles in the combustion chamber. This process increases the residence time of the particle flow. The turbulent flow of the fuel particles and air is well mixed and mostly burned in the combustion chamber, with any unburned waste and particles being directed to the cyclone separator, where such unburned waste and particles are burned completely, and flying ash is divided and collected in a container connected to the cyclone separator, while dioxin production is significantly minimized if not altogether eliminated. A Stirling engine along with cooling system and engine control box is integrated with the SFBC chamber to produce electricity from the waste combustion process. Residual heat in the flue gas may be captured after the combustion chamber and directed to a fuel feeder to first dry the biomass. System exhaust is directed to a twisted tube-based shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) and may produce hot water for space heating.

A boiler performs mixed-fuel combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel and ammonia as a fuel, and includes a furnace having a plurality of wall parts, a burner installed on at least one of the wall parts of the furnace, and an ammonia injection port that is configured to cause the ammonia to be burned as the fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the wall part where the burner is not installed.

A system and method for synchronized oxy-fuel boosting of a regenerative glass melting furnace including first and second sets of regenerative air-fuel burners, a first double-staged oxy-fuel burner mounted in a first wall, and a second double-staged oxy-fuel burner mounted in a second wall, each oxy-fuel burner having a primary oxygen valve to apportion a flow of oxygen between primary oxygen and staged oxygen and a staging mode valve to apportion the flow of staged oxygen between an upper staging port and a lower staging port in the respective burner, and a controller programmed to control the primary oxygen valve and the staging mode valve of each of the first and second oxy-fuel burners to adjust flame characteristics of the first and second oxy-fuel burners depending on the state of operation of the furnace.

A recuperative gas burner for industrial applications can include a combustion chamber and a burner tip providing an outlet opening of the combustion chamber. The gas burner includes a gas supply for combustion gas having a first gas supply duct and a second gas supply duct. The combustion gas can be provided to the combustion chamber through the first gas supply duct. The combustion gas can also be provided to the burner tip through the second gas supply duct. The gas burner can include an air supply for combustion air and an exhaust gas flow channel for exhaust gas, wherein the exhaust gas flow channel and the air supply are configured such that combustion air can be heated by the exhaust gas.

A method and apparatus for combustion of fuel in a combustion chamber with a hydraulic diameter D. Fuel and a primary oxidant are introduced via a burner lance into the combustion chamber, having a certain mean velocity u1 at entry, and a secondary oxidant with a mean velocity of u2 is introduced into the combustion chamber. The burner lance has a position p that has a distance Id1I defined as the smallest distance between p and a combustion chamber centerline a

The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for combustion of solid fuels. The combustion system includes burners which supply a mixed flow of fuel and air through a fuel nozzle to the combustion chamber for example of a boiler. The mixed flow of fuel and primary air is supplied to the burner through a duct from a pulverizer where the fuel is grinded to the required finesse. The duct further bends in such a way that one portion is vertical with respect parallel to axis of the boiler 1 A-A is vertical duct and other portion is horizontal duct which is parallel to axis B-B of the fuel nozzle.

A machine, method of making, and method of using, along with necessary intermediates, illustratively, by way of a method, there can be a method of generating electrical power, the method including: inputting air, including adjusting flow rate of the air; inputting fuel, including throttling flow rate of the fuel, wherein: the fuel flow rate and the air flow rate are in stoichiometric proportions for combustion, and the fuel is comprised of at least one hydrocarbon, alcohol, or both; combusting a mixture of the fuel and a portion of the air with the remainder of the air to produce heat, wherein: prior to the combusting: combining the portion of the air with the fuel to produce the mixture that, when heated, stoichiometrically forms syngas; heating the mixture with the heat from the combusting; heating the remainder of the air with the heat from the combusting; and during the combusting, matching the remainder of the air with at least one of flow rate, pressure drop, and flow velocity of the mixture; generating electromagnetic emissions from the heat; harvesting the electromagnetic emissions with photovoltaic elements to produce electrical power; processing exhaust gasses produced during the combusting, wherein heat released from the processing is transferred into the mixture and the remainder of the air before the combusting, and the processing removes one or more pollutants from the exhaust gasses; measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gasses before the processing in ensuring the stoichiometric proportions.

A fire pit includes an engine having at least one wall defining an inner chamber. At least one primary air aperture is defined through the inner chamber wall at a first, lower level, and at least one secondary air aperture is defined through the inner chamber wall at a second, upper level. A fuel grate is supported within the inner chamber at a level between the lower level and the upper level.