An apparatus coupled to a chamber for processing extreme ultraviolet radiation includes a gas inlet configured to direct exhaust gases from the chamber into a combustion zone. The combustion zone is configured to flamelessly ignite the exhaust gases. An air inlet is configured to direct a mixture of air and a fuel into the combustion zone. A control valve is configured to change a volume of fluid exhausted from the combustion zone. A controller configured to control the control valve so as to prevent a pressure inside the combustion zone from exceeding a preset pressure value is provided.

A thermal processing apparatus (2) is furnished with a loading device, a cremation chamber (10), a heating device (14) for heating the cremation chamber (10), a fresh air supply device, an exhaust gas manifold (18a) for discharging the exhaust gas from the cremation chamber (10), a post-combustion chamber (28), and an exhaust air processing device (38). In order to provide a thermal processing apparatus with which a cremation process with minimal CO.sub.2 emissions can be carried out and an acceleration of the cremation process is achieved, it is proposed that the heating device (14) is designed to burn hydrogen.

The invention relates to a device (2) and a method for supplying combustion air and for recirculating exhaust gas for a burner (1) comprising a combustion chamber (10) and to a burner (1) comprising a device (2) for supplying combustion air and for recirculating exhaust gas. Multiple drive nozzles (21) distributed about a central axis (A) are used to supply combustion air to a mixing chamber (22) arranged downstream of the drive nozzles (21) by suctioning exhaust gases out of the combustion chamber (10); the combustion air exiting the drive nozzles (21) is mixed with exhaust gases in the mixing chamber (22) in order to form a combustion air/exhaust gas mixture, said exhaust gases flowing out of the combustion chamber (10) and being backflushed by means of the drive nozzles (21); and the combustion air/exhaust gas mixture is supplied to a reaction zone downstream of the mixing chamber (22).

A method and system for performing a virtual test of a device for the at least partial autonomous guidance of a motor vehicle, comprising performing the virtual test by an algorithm using the at least one parameter set of driving situation parameters, wherein the virtual test performed by the algorithm simulates the at least one parameter set of driving situation parameters; and, if a predetermined condition and/or a condition determined by the algorithm is fulfilled, changing the at least one first parameter, detected by the at least one vehicle sensor and/or a third parameter relating to a vehicle actuator during a runtime of the virtual test.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

According to an embodiment, a burner system provides a flow of premixed fuel and flue gas, and combustion airflow is provided at an intended distal flame front position. The burner system may include a pilot burner. A burner system may include a pre-mix pilot burner. In an embodiment a main fuel may include a high hydrogen content.

Provided is a boiler including a heat generation body, a container including the heat generation body, and a water pipe to be heated by heat generated by the heat generation body under environment where the inside of the container is filled with gas with higher specific heat than that of air.

The invention relates to a method for operating a gas heater, in particular a gas heater for providing central heating and/or for providing domestic hot water, in particular a gas boiler, in particular a condensing boiler, wherein the method comprises the following steps: supplying a gas and a fuel gas into a mixing chamber of the gas heater and supplying a mixed gas from the mixing chamber to a burner of the gas heater, measure the differential pressure per unit time and/or provide a sensor signal to the control unit for determining a gas quantity, defined by a volume per unit time or a mass per unit time, before the gas is supplied to the mixing chamber, measure the differential pressure per unit time and/or provide a sensor signal to the control unit for determining a fuel gas quantity, defined by a volume per unit time or a mass per unit time, before the fuel gas is supplied to the mixing chamber and determining whether at least one operation condition of the gas heater is fulfilled based on the determined gas quantity and/or the determined fuel gas quantity

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

A fuel injection device, for a gas turbine, which enhances uniform distribution in concentration of fuel gas and water vapor in a combustion chamber with a simple structure and at low cost to effectively reduce NOx, is provided. The fuel injection device mixes fuel gas and water vapor and injects fuel gas and water vapor into a combustion chamber. The fuel injection device includes a nozzle housing having a mixing chamber, and the nozzle housing includes a first introduction passage to introduce fuel gas from an outer circumference of the nozzle housing in a circumferential direction of the mixing chamber; and a second introduction passage to introduce water vapor from the outer circumference of the nozzle housing in a circumferential direction of the mixing chamber. Fuel gas and water vapor are swirled about an axis C of the mixing chamber and mixed in the mixing chamber.