The present invention is concerned with improved swirl burners, particularly, but not limited to, swirl burners used in fuel cell systems.

Method for starting a burner wherein a premixed gas comprising a combustible gas and air is supplied, wherein the combustible gas comprises at least 50% by volume of hydrogen. The method comprises the following steps: during a start-up phase: supplying premixed gas having a first lambda-value to the burner surface, wherein the first lambda-value is at least 1.85, and igniting the supplied premixed gas having the first lambda-value using an ignition source. During an operation phase after the premixed gas has been ignited: supplying premixed gas having a second lambda-value to the burner surface, wherein the first lambda-value is larger than the second lambda-value. Independent claims for a burner and a heating appliance are included.

A burner includes a main flange, an oxidant inlet coupled to the main flange, a combustion fuel inlet coupled to the main flange, a nozzle pipe coupled to the main flange, an outer pipe coupled to the main flange, and a diffuser coupled to the nozzle pipe and the outer pipe. The nozzle pipe has an inner volume in fluid communication with the oxidant inlet. The outer pipe is around the nozzle pipe. An annular volume is at least partially defined by the main flange, the nozzle pipe, the outer pipe, and the diffuser. The annular volume is in fluid communication with the combustion fuel inlet. The diffuser may be flat.

The present invention relates to a method for operating a fluidized bed apparatus and to a fluidized bed apparatus, the method comprising the following steps: providing particulate metal to a reaction chamber of a fluidized bed reactor, providing an oxidizing agent to a fluidizing bottom of the fluidized bed reactor such that particulate matter comprising the particulate metal is fluidized, wherein the particulate metal reacts with the oxidizing agent to particulate metal oxide, withdrawing particulate metal oxide from the reaction chamber, storing the withdrawn particulate metal oxide, providing particulate metal oxide to the reaction chamber of the fluidized bed reactor, providing a reducing agent containing gas to the fluidizing bottom of the fluidized bed reactor such that particulate matter comprising the particulate metal oxide is fluidized, wherein the particulate metal oxide reacts with the reducing agent to particulate metal, withdrawing the particulate metal from the reaction chamber, storing the withdrawn particulate metal.

A burner system is disclosed. In one example, the burner system includes an artificial intelligence configured to be executed on a processing element. The burner control system may define a control envelope and include a burner, an oxidizer subsystem, and a fuel subsystem. The oxidizer subsystem and the fuel subsystem may include one or more control devices operative to supply an oxidizer and a fuel to the burner to support a combustion process within the burner. The artificial intelligence may be operative to control the burner control system on a trim control curve within the control envelope.

A method for monitoring an operation of a gas burner system in which a fuel/air mixture is ignited and a flame is generated by a burner during operation, includes: measuring the temperature of the flame by a flame temperature measurement installation that is actively cooled by impingement with cooling air; evaluating the temperature of the flame by an evaluation installation; interrupting a fuel supply to the burner in response to the temperature of the flame dropping below a critical value or having a specific negative gradient; determining an air-fuel ratio from the temperature of the flame; and interrupting the fuel supply to the burner in the event of an anomaly in the air-fuel ratio.

A fuel supply system for an aircraft engine, comprises a gaseous fuel source and a fuel nozzle. The fuel nozzle includes a housing having a housing interior chamber and a fuel swirler disposed inside the housing interior chamber. The fuel swirler is fluidly connected to the gaseous fuel source for directing gaseous fuel to a combustor of the aircraft engine. The fuel swirler defines a gaseous fuel path extending from a fuel inlet to a fuel outlet. The gaseous fuel path includes a plurality of discrete apertures distributed around a circumference of the fuel swirler, each of the plurality of discrete apertures having a cross-sectional area selected to prevent a flame from propagating in an upstream direction through the gaseous fuel path towards the gaseous fuel source.

An apparatus for drying material for an asphalt mixing facility includes a rotary kiln rotatably drivable about an axis of rotation, in which the material is dried, wherein the rotary kiln has a material inlet and a material outlet, a heating unit coupled to the rotary kiln for feeding heat to the rotary kiln, wherein the heating unit is designed with a burner which has a burner housing having a longitudinal axis, an air duct arranged at the burner housing for feeding air, a swirling element for swirling the air in the burner housing relative to the longitudinal axis, a hydrogen gas line connected to the burner for feeding hydrogen gas into the burner, wherein a hydrogen gas nozzle is connected to the hydrogen gas line for discharging the hydrogen gas, a burner head arranged at the burner housing for generating a burner flame.

Disclosed is a combustion process of a glass kiln with non-catalytic reformers. A corresponding system includes the glass kiln, the non-catalytic reformers A/B, a flue gas recovery device, a chimney, a high-temperature flue gas fan, a natural gas supply device, and an oxygen supply device. The present disclosure circulates part of flue gas of the glass kiln and increases concentrations of vapor and carbon dioxide in the circulating flue gas, the vapor and the carbon dioxide in the circulating flue gas are subjected to a conversion and reforming reaction with natural gas in the non-catalytic reformers for recycling sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas and meanwhile generating high-calorific-value water gas at 1300° C. or above, thereby increasing a gross calorific value and a temperature of gas entering the glass kiln, and the high-calorific-value water gas, less unreacted natural gas, and oxygen are sufficiently combusted in the glass kiln.

A combustion system includes a fuel and oxidant source and a flame holder. The flame holder includes a plurality of discrete slats arranged in parallel defining combustion channels between adjacent slats. Pairs of adjacent slats may be oriented to operate substantially as a V-gutter. The fuel and oxidant source outputs fuel and oxidant into the combustion channels. The flame holder holds a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant in the combustion channels.