In a method and system for the combustion of ammonia, wherein a first combustion chamber receives ammonia and hydrogen in controlled proportions, and an oxygen-containing gas such as air. Combustion of the ammonia and hydrogen produces nitrogen oxides among other combustion products. A second combustion chamber receives the nitrogen oxides along with further ammonia and hydrogen in further controlled proportions along with further oxygen-containing gas such as air. The nitrogen oxides are combusted into nitrogen and water.

Provided is a combustion system, and in particular a thermal decomposition system and plasma melting system, with which superheated steam is generated in an energy-efficient manner and the combustion structure has an improved combustion efficiency. A combustion system for making hot water coming from a boiler (11) into superheated steam with a superheated steam generation device (20) and supplying the superheated steam to a combustion structure (50) is provided with the following: the combustion structure (50) which combusts a fuel and a carbonaceous solid at 350 to 1,000 C.; a heat storage device (70) for storing waste heat from the combustion structure; and a heat exchange water tank (12) that is connected so as to allow heat exchange, through a heat transport medium, with heat from the heat storage device (70), and that heats water that is supplied to the boiler (11). The combustion system is provided with an oxyhydrogen gas supply structure (40) for heating the water supplied to the boiler (11) and also supplying an oxygen/hydrogen mixed gas, and a mixer (30) for mixing the superheated steam generated with the superheated steam generation device (20) and the oxygen/hydrogen mixed gas from the oxyhydrogen gas supply structure (40). The superheated steam is mixed with the oxyhydrogen gas and supplied to the combustion structure (50).

A gas-fired burner adapted for use on a liquid fuel. A method for essentially smokeless start-up and steady state operation of a gas-fired burner on a liquid fuel. The apparatus integrates a catalytic liquid fuel reformer with a flame burner designed for operation on a gaseous fuel of high Wobbe Index, e.g., natural gas. The method involves reacting a mixture of a liquid fuel and oxidant in a catalytic reformer to obtain a gaseous reformate having a low Wobbe Index; and thereafter combusting the gaseous reformate, optionally augmented with liquid co-fuel and oxidant, in the gas-fired burner under diffusion flame conditions. The invention allows commercial gas-fired appliances to be operated on a liquid fuel, thereby offering advantages in logistics and camp operations.

Thermochemical regeneration is enhanced by injecting fuel gas to entrain recycled flue gas that passes out of a regenerator to form a mixture that is impelled into the other regenerator.

Operation of a thermochemical regenerator to generate soot or to increase the amount of soot generated improves the performance of a furnace with which the thermochemical regenerator is operated.

A chemical looping combustion (CLC) based power generation, particularly using liquid fuel, ensures substantially complete fuel combustion and provides electrical efficiency without exposing metal oxide based oxygen carrier to high temperature redox process. An integrated fuel gasification (reforming)-CLC-followed by power generation model is provided involving (i) a gasification island, (ii) CLC island, (iii) heat recovery unit, and (iv) power generation system. To improve electrical efficiency, a fraction of the gasified fuel may be directly fed, or bypass the CLC, to a combustor upstream of one or more gas turbines. This splitting approach ensures higher temperature (efficiency) in the gas turbine inlet. The inert mass ratio, air flow rate to the oxidation reactor, and pressure of the system may be tailored to affect the performance of the integrated CLC system and process.

Operation of a thermochemical regenerator to generate soot or to increase the amount of soot generated improves the performance of a furnace with which the thermochemical regenerator is operated.

A system and method uses a combustor and gasifier to burn a primary dirty fuel, such as waste materials or high-polluting fossil fuels, and a secondary low-polluting fuel, such as biomass fuels, for co-generation of electricity while reducing harmful emissions. The primary fuel is burned at least partially through the use of an improved burner tube. Dirty exhaust from a combustor is scrubbed by a gasifier by reforming the combustors exhaust gases into a clean-burning producer gas (syn-gas). The secondary fuel and oxygen are added to the dirty exhaust in the gaslifier to create gas, char and ash. The gas powers an engine or turbine that turns a generator, or a boiler, Stirling engine, or Organic Rankine Cycle power plant, and releases a cleaner exhaust.

A combustion method in which heated flue gas heats a regenerator through which a mixture of fuel and flue gas is then passed to undergo endothermic reactions that produce syngas which is fed into a furnace together with a motive gas stream.

A system and method uses a combustor and gasifier to burn a primary dirty fuel, such as waste materials or high-polluting fossil fuels, and a secondary low-polluting fuel, such as biomass fuels, for co-generation of electricity while reducing harmful emissions. The primary fuel is burned at least partially through the use of an improved burner tube. Dirty exhaust from a combustor is scrubbed by a gasifier by reforming the combustors exhaust gases into a clean-burning producer gas (syn-gas). The secondary fuel and oxygen are added to the dirty exhaust in the gasifier to create gas, char and ash. The gas powers an engine or turbine that turns a generator, or a boiler, Stirling engine, or Organic Rankine Cycle power plant, and releases a cleaner exhaust.