A burner includes a flame sensor configured to detect at least one of permittivity, capacitance, or resistance across a flame region. The permittivity, capacitance, or resistance is used to determine the presence or absence of the flame in a combustion system. A combustion system supports a combustion reaction. The combustion system utilizes a combustion sensor, and optionally a plasma generator to stabilize the combustion reaction. A controller receives sensor signals from the combustion sensor and controls the plasma generator to stabilize the combustion reaction responsive to the sensor signals. The plasma generator stabilizes the combustion reaction by generating a plasma.

A burner has: a combustion plate part through which air-fuel mixture is ejected; and a flame rod which lies opposite to a portion of the combustion plate part. The combustion plate part is constituted by: a burner frame in a shape of a picture frame; a metal-fiber knit which covers an opening enclosed by the burner frame; and a distribution plate which has formed therein a multiplicity of distribution holes and which sandwiches the metal-fiber knit between the burner frame and the distribution plate so that the air-fuel mixture is ejected from the opening through the distribution holes and the metal-fiber knit. Flame holes for ejecting the air-fuel mixture are formed in a portion of the burner frame, and the flame rod is disposed so as to lie opposite to that portion of the burner frame which has formed therein the flame holes.

A burner has: a combustion plate part for ejecting air-fuel mixture; and a flame rod which lies opposite to a portion of the combustion plate part which has a picture-frame-like burner frame; a metal-fiber knit which covers an opening enclosed by the burner frame; and a distribution plate which has formed therein distribution holes and which sandwiches the metal-fiber knit between the burner frame and the distribution plate through the distribution holes and the metal-fiber knit. The flame rod has: a rod base part which lies opposite to a portion of opening peripheral part of the burner frame which is positioned on the same surface level as the opening; and a rod main body part which lies opposite to a portion of the metal-fiber knit. The distance between the rod base part and the opening peripheral part is made smaller than the distance between the rod main body part and the metal-fiber knit.

According to an embodiment, a combustion system is provided, which includes a nozzle configured to emit a diverging fuel flow, a flame holder positioned in the path of the fuel flow and that includes a plurality of apertures extending therethrough, and a preheat mechanism configured to heat the flame to a temperature exceeding a startup temperature threshold.

The invention proposes a method for the flame signal detection by means of an ionization electrode (15) protruding into a combustion zone of a burner, comprising the steps: detecting a first signal, which is dependent on an ionization current flowing off the ionization electrode (15), generating a second signal which has a predetermined periodic course, generating a third signal by adding the first signal and the second signal, comparing the third signal with a first threshold value and generating a fourth signal on the basis of the comparison of the third signal with the first threshold value, comparing the third signal with a second threshold value different from the first threshold value and generating a fourth signal on the basis of the comparison of the third signal with the second threshold value, and determining an operating variable of the burner on the basis of at least one of the fourth signal and the fifth signal. The invention additionally proposes a corresponding device for the flame signal detection.

An ultra wideband (UWB) combustion sensor detects presence or absence of combustion corresponding to an effect on a transmitted, time-gated pulse and detection by a presence or absence of charged particles associated with combustion. A combustion system includes a UWB combustion sensor. A method for operating a combustion system includes operation of a UWB combustion sensor.

A combustion system includes a perforated flame holder, a camera, and a control circuit. The perforated flame holder sustains a combustion reaction within the perforated flame holder. The image capture device takes a plurality of images of the combustion reaction. The control circuit produces from the images an averaged image and adjusts the combustion reaction based on the adjusted image.

A modular transportable oxy-fuel cutting device, comprising: liquid oxygen containers; vaporizers; and a cutting torch. The liquid oxygen containers, vaporizers, and the cutting torch are all in fluidic communication with each other through a series of pipes. The liquid oxygen containers are configured to contain a liquid oxygen fluid and supply the liquid oxygen fluid to the vaporizers; wherein the vaporizers are configured to convert the liquid oxygen fluid to an oxygen gas; and the cutting torch is adapted to accept the oxygen gas and a fuel gas.

According to one implementation a dual-fuel wall heater is provided that comprises a gas burner suitable for receiving a first gas or a second gas, a first pilot burner adapted to the first gas and a second pilot burner adapted to the second gas. The heater includes at least one pressure regulator, a control valve in fluid communication with the pressure regulator, and a selector valve in fluid communication with a gas outlet of the control valve. Each of the first and second pilot burners is arranged to direct a flame toward respective first and second thermocouples. The control valve includes an electromagnetic valve electrically connected to both the first and second thermocouples, the first and second thermocouples being arranged electrically connected in reverse polarity, such that in the event of the second gas being improperly supplied to the first pilot burner the resulting electromotive force generated by the first and second thermocouples is less than a disengagement threshold value of the electromagnetic valve.

According to an embodiment, a combustion system is provided, which includes a nozzle configured to emit a diverging fuel flow, a flame holder positioned in the path of the fuel flow and that includes a plurality of apertures extending therethrough, and a preheat mechanism configured to heat the flame to a temperature exceeding a startup temperature threshold.