A method is provided for thermally converting non-radioactive combustible wastes to a substantially non-hazardous, non-leachable, sintered particulate carbon-less ash by-product in a kiln having a plurality of reaction zones. The kiln including first and second ends and a body provided between the first and second ends that defines a cavity having a refractory lining that provides resistance to heat conduction. A processor and flow rate controllers are provided that control a flow rate through the body of waste that enters at the first end of the kiln and the flow rate of oxidant gas that enters at the second end of the kiln, the second end being opposite to the first end. The body may be positioned substantially horizontal and may include a length-to-diameter ratio and a resistance to heat conduction that provides a temperature gradient within the cavity to forms separate reaction zones during operation.

A rotary cascading bed combustion system for converting waste product into energy includes a rotary cascading bed combustor boiler including a rotating cylinder surrounding a combustion chamber; the rotating cylinder being structured and disposed for cascading the fuel to facilitate the mixing of air and solids, wherein the rotational speed of the rotating cylinder is selectively varied based on the amount of fuel, airflow and combustion properties; wherein combusting waste is mixed with sorbents and cycled through a plurality of combustion zones to produce controlled heat for generating steam; wherein the steam is routed to a turbine; and wherein if carbon burnout is not complete it will be recycled back into the combustion chamber.

A rotary cascading bed combustion system for converting waste product into energy includes a rotary cascading bed combustor boiler including a rotating cylinder surrounding a combustion chamber; the rotating cylinder being structured and disposed for cascading the fuel to facilitate the mixing of air and solids, wherein the rotational speed of the rotating cylinder is selectively varied based on the amount of fuel, airflow and combustion properties; wherein combusting waste is mixed with sorbents and cycled through a plurality of combustion zones to produce controlled heat for generating steam; wherein the steam is routed to a turbine; and wherein if carbon burnout is not complete it will be recycled back into the combustion chamber.

There are provided processes for producing liquid fuels from a mainly organic starting material with a reduced content in water and/or with a reduced content in solids. The mainly organic starting material can be at least partially liquified and optionally further dewatered. The obtained at least partially liquid fraction can be thereafter used as feeding stream that is submitted to a pyrolysis treatment resulting in a solid gas fraction allowing the recovering of a liquid fuels after a controlled liquid solid separation treatment. There are also provided various other processes for producing liquid fuel from waste hydrocarbon and/or organic material as well as reactors, apparatuses, uses and managing systems thereof.

There are provided processes for producing liquid fuels from a mainly organic starting material with a reduced content in water and/or with a reduced content in solids. The mainly organic starting material can be at least partially liquified and optionally further dewatered. The obtained at least partially liquid fraction can be thereafter used as feeding stream that is submitted to a pyrolysis treatment resulting in a solid gas fraction allowing the recovering of a liquid fuels after a controlled liquid solid separation treatment. There are also provided various other processes for producing liquid fuel from waste hydrocarbon and/or organic material as well as reactors, apparatuses, uses and managing systems thereof.

A disposal system for the processing of solid waste devices to recycle materials located within the devices and recover, reuse and recycle such materials. Such system may include a primary chamber and secondary chamber, attached preferably by use of one or more exhaust ducts, and a secondary chamber exhaust duct. The solid waste devices may include any type of waste, such as electronics waste, medical device waste, and the like.

Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material.

Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material.

A disposal system for the processing of solid waste devices to recycle materials located within the devices and recover, reuse and recycle such materials. Such system may include a primary chamber and secondary chamber, attached preferably by use of one or more exhaust ducts, and a secondary chamber exhaust duct. The solid waste devices may include any type of waste, such as electronics waste, medical device waste, and the like.

A high organic concurrent decoating kiln includes a low-oxygen zone and a high-oxygen zone. The disclosed kiln allows a gas low in free oxygen to be used in the initial stages of decoating, while a gas higher in free oxygen can be used in the final stages. The total amount of free oxygen used throughout the kiln, in particular at the upstream portion of the kiln, is kept low. Exhaust gas can be recirculated for use in a burner-fired chamber that provides the initial low-oxygen gas to the kiln.