The present invention is intended to provide a hybrid combustion apparatus using the pyrolysis of water and combustion air, in which a combustion chamber is defined by a double wall and divided into a primary combustion chamber configured to combust waste and a secondary combustion chamber configured to combust exhaust gas, and the size (diameter) of a combustion unit through which waste is configured to be different from that of the combustion chamber in which a flame is located, so that combustion temperature is further increased by introducing air, so that heated due to proximity to a flame, as combustion air, combustible waste is combusted at an ultrahigh temperature by pyrolyzing water and combustion air by means of a high combustion temperature, and so that complete combustion is achieved by increasing the time for which a flame stays within the combustion chamber, thereby discharging clean exhaust gas.

Methods and systems are provided for two-stage treatment of contaminated particulate material, such as soil, sediment, and/or sludge. The methods and systems utilize a thermal desorption process combined with a smoldering combustion process. The contaminated particulate material is first exposed to thermal desorption at high temperatures (e.g., greater than 150 C.) to form a heated contaminated particulate material. Next, a smoldering combustion process is initiated by introducing a combustion-supporting gas. The combined process can take place in the same or different treatment units.

Methods and systems are provided for two-stage treatment of contaminated particulate material, such as soil, sediment, and/or sludge. The methods and systems utilize a thermal desorption process combined with a smoldering combustion process. The contaminated particulate material is first exposed to thermal desorption at high temperatures (e.g., greater than 150 C.) to form a heated contaminated particulate material. Next, a smoldering combustion process is initiated by introducing a combustion-supporting gas. The combined process can take place in the same or different treatment units.

A combustor for burning waste material includes a horizontally extended combustion chamber through which a mixture of waste material and air is introduced under pressure tangentially for establishing a vortical movement of the waste material toward one of the end walls. The waste material is ignited during its vortical movement. A second discharge port extends for discharging from the chamber non-combustible material entrained in the outer region of the vortex. The discharged material is conveyed through a conduit to a separator which separates the discharged gases and solid material. A secondary air manifold supplies air through controlled and automated dampers at portals positioned at intervals along the length of the chamber. An adjustable baffle is mounted on the flue adjacent its open end for deflecting outwardly toward the side wall solid material which moves from adjacent the one end wall toward the open end of the flue. A recuperator is mounted externally to the chamber on the exhaust flue, supplying heated air to the secondary air manifold and to the primary air and waste feed intake. Additionally, control means are provided for the use of specialized sensors to monitor the temperature, air flow and volume of the chamber, integrated into a process automation system that allows for control of individual components, stages, regions, as well as the entire process.

A combustor for burning waste material includes a horizontally extended combustion chamber through which a mixture of waste material and air is introduced under pressure tangentially for establishing a vortical movement of the waste material toward one of the end walls. The waste material is ignited during its vortical movement. A second discharge port extends for discharging from the chamber non-combustible material entrained in the outer region of the vortex. The discharged material is conveyed through a conduit to a separator which separates the discharged gases and solid material. A secondary air manifold supplies air through controlled and automated dampers at portals positioned at intervals along the length of the chamber. An adjustable baffle is mounted on the flue adjacent its open end for deflecting outwardly toward the side wall solid material which moves from adjacent the one end wall toward the open end of the flue. A recuperator is mounted externally to the chamber on the exhaust flue, supplying heated air to the secondary air manifold and to the primary air and waste feed intake. Additionally, control means are provided for the use of specialized sensors to monitor the temperature, air flow and volume of the chamber, integrated into a process automation system that allows for control of individual components, stages, regions, as well as the entire process.

An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust gas discharged from an EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) exposure equipment by combustion treatment to make the exhaust gas harmless is disclosed. The exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes a cylindrical combustion chamber configured to combust a processing gas containing hydrogen, and a processing gas nozzle and an oxidizing gas nozzle provided on the combustion chamber and configured to blow the processing gas and an oxidizing gas, respectively, in a tangential direction to an inner circumferential surface of the combustion chamber, wherein the processing gas nozzle and the oxidizing gas nozzle are positioned in the same plane perpendicular to an axis of the combustion chamber.

An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust gas discharged from an EUV (Extreme Ultra Violet) exposure equipment by combustion treatment to make the exhaust gas harmless is disclosed. The exhaust gas treatment apparatus includes a cylindrical combustion chamber configured to combust a processing gas containing hydrogen, and a processing gas nozzle and an oxidizing gas nozzle provided on the combustion chamber and configured to blow the processing gas and an oxidizing gas, respectively, in a tangential direction to an inner circumferential surface of the combustion chamber, wherein the processing gas nozzle and the oxidizing gas nozzle are positioned in the same plane perpendicular to an axis of the combustion chamber.

A waste treatment unit. It comprises at least one gasifier having a main receptacle (1) with a waste inlet (2), a syngas outlet (6) and an ashtray outlet (8). In the interior of the receptacle there is a body (4) with at least one inclined section (7) disposed opposite to the waste inlet (2), and with a base (14) which creates a depletion shaft (17) that prevents the passage of waste; and a dividing wall (9a) in contact with said body (4) or an evacuation tube (9a) in the interior of the body (4), such as to create a waste zone (15) that encompasses at least the zone where the inclined section (7) is located, and a waste-free zone (16) wherethrough the syngas produced during oxidation of the waste flows towards the syngas outlet (6).

A waste treatment unit. It comprises at least one gasifier having a main receptacle (1) with a waste inlet (2), a syngas outlet (6) and an ashtray outlet (8). In the interior of the receptacle there is a body (4) with at least one inclined section (7) disposed opposite to the waste inlet (2), and with a base (14) which creates a depletion shaft (17) that prevents the passage of waste; and a dividing wall (9a) in contact with said body (4) or an evacuation tube (9a) in the interior of the body (4), such as to create a waste zone (15) that encompasses at least the zone where the inclined section (7) is located, and a waste-free zone (16) wherethrough the syngas produced during oxidation of the waste flows towards the syngas outlet (6).

The invention provides a pyrolysis reaction system, the system comprising: a pyrolysis chamber comprising a feed inlet, a gas inlet and a product outlet, wherein the pyrolysis chamber is configured i) to receive a pyrolysable organic feed and an inert gas via the feed inlet and gas inlet respectively, ii) to pyrolyse the organic feed at a pyrolysis temperature to produce a carbonaceous pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas, wherein the pyrolysis gas will combine with the inert gas to form a gas mixture having a pyrolysis chamber pressure in the pyrolysis chamber, and iii) to discharge the carbonaceous pyrolysis product via the product outlet; a gas reactor configured to react the pyrolysis gas by combustion and/or carbon deposition at a gas reaction temperature and a gas reactor pressure; and a first partition defining a boundary between the pyrolysis chamber and the gas reactor, the first partition comprising a plurality of first apertures to provide fluid communication between the pyrolysis chamber and the gas reactor, wherein the pyrolysis reaction system is operable with the gas reactor pressure less than the pyrolysis chamber pressure such that the gas mixture flows from the pyrolysis chamber to the gas reactor through the first apertures, thereby providing at least a portion of the pyrolysis gas for reaction in the gas reactor.