A method of directly analyzing an environmental sample, such as a crude oil sample, to simultaneously determine distillation ranges, identify elements therein, and/or identify impurities. The method includes performing multi-element scanning thermal analysis (MESTA) on the crude oil sample to obtain a thermogram of the elements within the crude oil sample, wherein peak information within the thermogram indicates presence of the elements, compounds, and/or impurities within the crude oil sample.

A mixed low-carbon alcohol ignition agent in a gel paste or a thin cake, and a cylindrical fire-leading coal and a cylindrical coal placed underneath having a high volatile content and honeycomb-like vent holes which are made from solid fuels such as bitumite, lignite, biomass fuels, polyolefin and waste plastics as well as nontoxic excipients, are vertically combined into a coal pile to be combusted in a furnace core, and the number of the pile may be increased. A firing slip of paper is thrown in to ignite the ignition agent from the top, a long-flame combustion is generated soon, and the fire-leading coal catches fire. A high-temperature zone ranging from 400 C. to 800 C. may be rapidly formed in a simple large combustion chamber between the top of the coal pile and the fire-gathering plate. The radiant heat plus the conductive heat is greater than the convective heat, and the red hot coal layer on the surface of the fire-leading coal will gradually move down at a rapid speed, which causes the coal placed underneath to catch fire. The three major components of the coal pile are elaborately formulated and prepared. The material of the furnace core must fit the coal pile. The high-temperature zone is in the upper portion and the low-temperature zone is in the lower portion, which produces an orderly, long-flame, complete combustion and a static combustion without an air blast, thus realizing a combustion with zero smog throughout the whole process starting from the moment of ignition. In addition, the sulfur-fixing rate is high, the cleanliness of the exhaust gas is close to that of natural gas, the exhaust gas may be discharged directly, the heat-generating efficiency is high, the cost is low, the slag is used as a fertilizer, and it is suitable for various small- and micro-sized stoves for heating and warming.

Apparatus and methods for debinding articles. The apparatus and methods may transform binder from furnace exhaust before the exhaust is discharged to the atmosphere. The apparatus may include a furnace retort and a reactor. The furnace retort may be configured to: exclude ambient air; and receive a carrier gas. The reactor may be configured to: receive from the retort (a) the carrier gas and (b) material removed in the retort from the article; and combust, at a temperature no greater than 750? C., the material. The material may be decomposed binder. The material may be hydrocarbon from binder that is pyrolyzed in the retort. The carrier gas may include gas that is nonflammable gas.

A hand-held, disposable incinerator for medications and electronic storage media includes a body and a lid, a layer of insulation, and a chemical burn agent, which on ignition produces both heat and oxygen to destroy the contents. Exhaust gases pass through a non-combustible filter to remove most solid particles and contaminants, followed by a second, higher-efficiency filter. Hot gases exiting from the incinerator then desirably ignite again from their own heat, consuming remaining volatile organic matter distilled from the items being destroyed. An igniter, which may be a fuse, a pull-tab-activated pyrotechnic delay or an electronically remote-triggered igniter, provides a delay for the safety of the person using the incinerator. Heat generated within the burn chamber decomposes most organic materials, melts soft metals including aluminum and electronic solder, and renders data storage devices unreadable. At least an inner portion of the device may be safely discarded.

A high-efficiency clean burning method of a macromolecular substance, wherein the macromolecular substance comprises biomass and solid organic waste; the method comprises the following steps: generating a first gaseous substance and a red-hot carbon residue layer from biomass carbon residue or charcoal or coke or a mixture thereof by anoxic combustion; leading the heat generated by anoxic combustion to the macromolecular substance, preheating and drying the macromolecular substance and carrying out pyrolysis gasification, so as to generate a second gaseous substance; taking red-hot carbon residue as a pyrolysis catalyst, leading the second gaseous substance to the red-hot carbon residue layer to carry out oxygen catalytic cracking, so as to generate a third gaseous substance; leading the third gaseous substance and the first gaseous substance to an oxygen-enriched combustion zone in a heat preservation manner to carry out oxygen-enriched combustion, so as to achieve substantial complete combustion of all gasification products, wherein a tar wastewater is not generated, and pollution of smoke tar is not generated. A device capable of achieving the method comprises four categories of a plurality of devices. Thus, zero emission of dioxin can be achieved when the device is applied to waste incineration disposal.

Various biomass reactors systems and methods of pyrolyzing biomass are disclosed. One type of biomass reactor system comprises a plurality of biomass processing stations configured in series, each station comprising an auger reactor including an auger inlet for receiving biomass and a transfer screw for conveying the biomass through the auger reactor.

The present disclosure provides a graded oxygen regulating, explosion preventing and recycling system and method for liquid nitrogen wash tail gas, and relates to the technical field of environmental protection and energy utilization. The system provided by the present disclosure includes a multi section catalytic combustor, the multi-section catalytic combustor being divided into a first-section catalytic combustion region, a second-section catalytic combustion region, and a third-section catalytic combustion region, the first-section catalytic combustion region and the second-section catalytic combustion region being internally filled with multiple layers of catalysts that are disposed at intervals, and an air flow guide pipe being arranged above each layer of catalyst; a first-section heat exchanger communicating with the first-section catalytic combustion region; a second-section heat exchanger communicating with the second-section catalytic combustion region; a pulverized coal drying section communicating with the second-section heat exchanger; and a boiler section communicating with the third-section catalytic combustion region.

A synergetic system for waste treatment is provided. The synergetic system includes a waste treatment system configured to perform biological treatment of waste. Additionally, the synergetic system includes a gas purification system configured to purify exhaust gas generated during the biological treatment of the waste. The synergetic system further includes a feeding system configured to feed excess heat from the gas purification system back to the waste treatment system. The waste treatment system is further configured to use the fed back excess heat for the biological treatment of the waste.

A gas treatment system includes a first scrubber, a regenerative catalytic oxidizer (RCO) that treats gas that passes through the first scrubber, a second scrubber that treats the gas that passed through the regenerative catalytic oxidizer, and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor that treats the gas that passed through the second scrubber. The regenerative catalytic oxidizer includes a two-bed regenerative catalytic reactor.