The present invention may be embodied as a biofuel heating system comprising a controller for operating a fan based on a load operating parameter such that air flows along a flow path extending through a combustion chamber, through a burn-out port, through a burn-out chamber, through a heat exchange port, through a heat exchange chamber, and out of an exhaust port. A heat exchange system transfers heat energy from air flowing through the heat exchange chamber to a working fluid. The controller operates in a char mode based at least in part on the load operating parameter, and the biofuel remains within the combustion zone during the char mode.

A waste-to-energy conversion apparatus comprising a primary combustion chamber capable of holding a load of waste, and the primary combustion chamber further comprises a heat source to heat the waste and generate a syn gas stream, grates, within the primary chamber, capable of supporting the load of waste during heating, a mixing chamber wherein the syn gas is mixed with additional combustion gas, a multi-chambered secondary combustion chamber for combusting the mixture of syn gas and additional combustion gas, and an energy extraction system for extracting the heat energy generated by the combustion of the mixture of syn gas and additional combustion gas.

A method for controlling a thermal combustion system and a control logic for a combustion system.

A method of optimising operating conditions in an abatement apparatus configured to treat an effluent stream from a processing tool and an abatement apparatus are disclosed. The method of optimising operating conditions in an abatement apparatus configured to treat an effluent stream from a processing tool comprises: determining a concentration of carbon monoxide produced by the abatement apparatus when treating the effluent stream; and adjusting an operating parameter of the abatement apparatus in response to the concentration of carbon monoxide. In this way, the performance of the abatement device can be controlled by simply adjusting the operating parameters of the abatement device in response to the amount of carbon monoxide being produced to create conditions within the abatement apparatus which improve the removal of compounds being treated within the abatement device, while reducing undesirable by-products and without requiring advanced knowledge of the content of the effluent stream.

A thermal oxidizer employing an oxidation mixer, an oxidation chamber, a retention chamber and a heat dissipater forming a fluid flow path for thermal oxidation of a waste gas. In operation, the oxidation mixer facilitates a combustible mixture of the waste gas and an oxidant into an combustible waste gas stream, the oxidation chamber facilitates a primary combustion reaction of the combustible waste gas stream into an oxygenated waste gas stream, the retention chamber facilitates a secondary combustion reaction of the oxygenated waste gas stream into oxidized gases and the heat dissipator reduces the temperature of the flow of oxidized gases within the heat dissipator, which is communicated to a greenhouse gas processor that extracts greenhouse gas(es) from the vaporized oxidized gases. The greenhouse gas processor may condensate the greenhouse gas(es), acid neutralize the condensation of the greenhouse gas(es), and capture the acid neutralization of the condensation of the greenhouse gas(es).

In a method for physical and thermochemical treatment of biomass, the biomass moisture content is reduced in a dryer and ammonia (NH.sub.3) is also released from the biomass during drying. The dried biomass is then either pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis reactor and the pyrolysis gas is forwarded to and combusted in a combustion device to form flue gas, or is combusted in a combustion facility unit to form flue gas. In either case the flue gas is fed to a mixer. Oxygen (O.sub.2) is metered to the flue gas in the mixer and is fed directly to the dryer as drying gas. As the drying gas passes through the dryer, the sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) contained in the drying gas and/or the sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3) chemically reacts with the ammonia (NH.sub.3) to form ammonium sulfite ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.3) and/or ammonium sulfate ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4). Also a treatment facility physically and thermochemically treats the biomass.

A thermal oxidizer including an oxidation mixer, an oxidation chamber, and a retention chamber forming a fluid flow path for thermal oxidation of a waste gas. The thermal oxidizer also includes first and second electric heating elements. In operation, the first and second electric heating elements pre-heat portions of the thermal oxidizer. Once a threshold temperature has been reached, the oxidation mixer facilitates a combustible mixture of the waste gas and an oxidant into an combustible waste gas stream, the oxidation chamber facilitates a primary combustion reaction of the combustible waste gas stream into an oxygenated waste gas stream, the retention chamber facilitates a secondary combustion reaction of the oxygenated waste gas stream into oxidized gases and the heat dissipator reduces the temperature of the flow of oxidized gases within the heat dissipator.

A specialized air distribution system for a waste incinerator with sludge co-incineration includes a furnace, primary air circulation cycle and secondary air circulation cycle. The primary air circulation cycle involves arranging a flue gas suction port on side wall of upper part of the furnace connected to a first ejector, connecting a primary air fan to the first ejector, connecting an outlet of first ejector to a primary air main pipe, and connecting the primary air main pipe to multiple primary air inlets at lower part of the furnace through multiple output ports. The secondary air circulation cycle involves connecting a steam drum arranged above the furnace to a second ejector via a high-pressure steam pipe, connecting an outlet of the second ejector to a secondary air inlet on side wall of the rear arch outlet of the furnace, and connecting a secondary air fan to the second ejector.

The present disclosure relates to a regenerative thermal oxidizer comprising at least a first transfer chamber and at least a second transfer chamber, wherein the first transfer chamber comprises a first bed and the second transfer chamber comprises a second bed; at least one reaction chamber in fluid flow communication with the first transfer chamber and with the second transfer chamber, wherein waste gas is introducible into the regenerative thermal oxidizer to flow through the first bed to the reaction chamber or to flow through the second bed to the reaction chamber; and one or more first oxygen-containing gas inlet for introducing oxygen-containing gas into the regenerative thermal oxidizer positioned between at least a portion of the first bed and at least a portion of the reaction chamber or positioned between at least a portion of the second bed and at least a portion of the reaction chamber.