Toilet-mounted electrical device created to extract and eliminate via ignition the gases from the toilet bowl that generate the bad odor coming from human flatulence and feces.

A method for remediating a contaminated porous matrix including selecting the type and quantity of organic fuel to create a smolderable mixture of the organic fuel and contaminated porous matrix, and controlling the rate of oxidant addition to manipulate the relative proportions of oxidative breakdown products, non-oxidative breakdown products, and non-destructive remediation processes. The method further involves collecting the volatilized contaminant, and any gaseous breakdown products of the contaminant.

The invention relates to a burner as well as to a waste gas treatment device for generating a flame for the combustion of process gas, especially of contaminants, in a combustion chamber, in each case having feed lines for a fuel gas and for an oxidizing agent so that they flow into a pre-mixing chamber, and having an ignition device for igniting the gas mixture contained in the pre-mixing chamber. According to the invention, a sensor for detecting and/or monitoring the flame is provided on the burner, especially at one end of the burner situated opposite from the pre-mixing chamber.

In the disclosed solution sand to be cleaned is thermally cleaned by rotating the sand being cleaned in a large oven (1) by rotating the oven (1). Before cleaning, the sand may be pre-processed by crushing any lumps and cleaning the sand fraction by magnetic separation. Preprocessed sand to be cleaned and heat energy are fed (5) into the rotating oven. The oven (1) is set slightly inclined so that a second end of the oven (1) is lower than a first end. The inclination and rotating speed of the oven (1) as well as the feed amount of sand are adjusted, whereby the advancing speed of the sand may be adjusted, as well as the ratio of the sand being cleaned to the volume of the oven (1) kept as desired. The temperature of the oven (1) is monitored at the coldest area of the oven, which is substantially at the second end of the oven. The temperature of the oven (1) is adjusted by adjusting the amount of heat energy fed in. By means of temperature monitoring and knowing the advancing speed of the sand, it is also possible to determine the average temperature of the sand and adjust it as desired by adjusting the supplied heat energy. Finally, the cleaned sand is let run (12) from the second end of the oven (1).

Systems and methods for efficiently performing rotary batch decoating can use time-offset batch reactors. A first batch reactor can operate out of phase with a second batch reactor, so that the burning of pyrolysis gases from the first reactor can be used to provide fuel to the incinerator used to heat the material in the second reactor. After the first reactor is dumped and filled with new material, the pyrolysis gases from the second reactor can be used to provide fuel to the incinerator, which heats the material in the first reactor.

An industrial high temperature reformer and the reforming method in which a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000 C. or higher by burning the coke, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200 C. or higher by burning the syngas, thereby producing syngas at a capacity of 500 m.sup.3/hour or more by reforming all carbonaceous feedstock which is supplied to the reforming furnace.

An industrial high temperature reformer and the reforming method in which a temperature of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1000 C. or higher by burning the coke, and a temperature of at least an upper half of the reforming furnace is maintained at 1200 C. or higher by burning the syngas, thereby producing syngas at a capacity of 500 m.sup.3/hour or more by reforming all carbonaceous feedstock which is supplied to the reforming furnace.

A method for controlling the Btu content of a flare gas to combusted in a flare stack comprising a flare tip is provided. The method includes, introducing a first gas stream including nitrogen to be flared, the first gas stream having an initial Btu content, providing a supplemental fuel gas stream, and combining the first gas stream with the supplemental fuel gas stream, thereby obtaining a flare gas stream having a final Btu content measured at the flare tip.

A method for controlling the Btu content of a flare gas to combusted in a flare stack comprising a flare tip is provided. The method includes, introducing a first gas stream including nitrogen to be flared, the first gas stream having an initial Btu content, providing a supplemental fuel gas stream, and combining the first gas stream with the supplemental fuel gas stream, thereby obtaining a flare gas stream having a final Btu content measured at the flare tip.

Systems and methods for efficiently performing rotary batch decoating using time-offset batch reactors are disclosed. A first batch reactor can operate out of phase with a second batch reactor, so that the burning of pyrolysis gases from the first reactor can be used to provide fuel to the incinerator used to heat the material in the second reactor. After the first reactor is dumped and filled with new material, the pyrolysis gases from the second reactor can be used to provide fuel to the incinerator, which heats the material in the first reactor.