A method for remediating contaminated soil and groundwater includes selecting a treatment material and creating a smolderable mixture of a contaminant, the treatment material, and soil.

Porous media containing undesired substances, e.g., perfluoroalkylated substances, are treated by mixing the porous media with a solid fuel comprising organic material. The mixture is heated to 200? C. to 400? C. to initiate smoldering combustion and an oxidizer gas is forced through the heated mixture such that the smoldering combustion is self-sustaining until the mixture reaches a PFAS destructive temperature and the perfluoroalkylated substances are thermally destroyed. A system is provided for conducting the treatment. The system includes a source of wax, wood chips, sawdust, tire scraps, waste rubber compounds, coal, granular activated carbon, solid fat, and combinations thereof as solid fuel. A mixer is provided for mixing the porous media with the solid fuel. An ignition system including static heating elements and a gas blower are provided for forcing heated oxidizer gas through the mixture such that self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture is initiated and sustained.

Porous media containing undesired substances, e.g., perfluoroalkylated substances, are treated by mixing the porous media with a solid fuel comprising organic material. The mixture is heated to 200 C. to 400 C. to initiate smoldering combustion and an oxidizer gas is forced through the heated mixture such that the smoldering combustion is self-sustaining until the mixture reaches a PFAS destructive temperature and the perfluoroalkylated substances are thermally destroyed. A system is provided for conducting the treatment. The system includes a source of wax, wood chips, sawdust, tire scraps, waste rubber compounds, coal, granular activated carbon, solid fat, and combinations thereof as solid fuel. A mixer is provided for mixing the porous media with the solid fuel. An ignition system including static heating elements and a gas blower are provided for forcing heated oxidizer gas through the mixture such that self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture is initiated and sustained.

A thermal desorption system for remediating contaminated material in a zero oxygen environment by heating a gas and flowing the heated gas through a core heating conduit traversing the interior of a material compartment of a bin filled with contaminated material, redirecting the flow of heated gas from the core heating conduit to a space between the exterior of the bin and the interior of a bin housing insulator encapsulating the bin to provide dual indirect heating to the contaminated material within the bin, directing off gases of contaminated vapors released by desorption from the material to an exhaust header through a plurality of vapor outlets, and condensing the offgas in the exhaust header.

A bulk material comprising at least one substance to be removed from the bulk material is treated. The method includes introducing the bulk material into a heating chamber. The heating chamber is in a partial vacuum. The method further includes heating the bulk material in the heating chamber and in the presence of the partial vacuum to cause the at least one substance to vaporize. The method further includes extracting the bulk material, with the at least one vaporized substance separated therefrom, from the heating chamber.

A bulk material comprising at least one substance to be removed from the bulk material is treated. The method includes introducing the bulk material into a heating chamber. The heating chamber is in a partial vacuum. The method further includes heating the bulk material in the heating chamber and in the presence of the partial vacuum to cause the at least one substance to vaporize. The method further includes extracting the bulk material, with the at least one vaporized substance separated therefrom, from the heating chamber.

The invention provides a system for pyrolysis, comprising: (i) a gas producer comprising a gasification zone and a producer gas outlet, wherein the gas producer is configured to: oxidise at least one carbon-containing feed in the presence of an oxidising gas in the gasification zone to form a producer gas; and discharge the producer gas from the gasification zone via the producer gas outlet, wherein a residual oxygen content of the producer gas is substantially depleted or maintained below a maximum predetermined amount by controlling a ratio of oxygen fed to the gasification zone to the carbon-containing feed, (ii) a pyrolyzer comprising a pyrolysis zone and one or more pyrolyzer gas outlets, wherein the pyrolyzer is configured to: feed the producer gas discharged from the gasification zone to the pyrolysis zone; pyrolyze a pyrolyzable organic feed in the pyrolysis zone in the presence of the producer gas to produce a carbonaceous pyrolysis product and a gas mixture comprising combustible components comprising pyrolysis gas; and discharge the gas mixture from the pyrolysis zone via the one or more pyrolyzer gas outlets, and (iii) a first combustor comprising a combustion zone, wherein the first combustor is configured to: receive the gas mixture discharged from the pyrolysis zone in the combustion zone; feed an oxygen-containing gas to the combustion zone; and combust at least a portion of the combustible components present in the gas mixture in the combustion zone to produce a combustion product gas.

A method and device for thermally remediating contaminant impacted media whereby heat and electricity are cogenerated by an integrated fuel combustor and semiconductor thermoelectric generation devices and applied as multiform energy to an individual, or multiple connected heating assemblies to generate and thermally conduct heat to contaminant impacted media. A hybrid energy thermal remediation system employs semiconductor thermoelectric generation devices to transform temperature differences created in the hybrid energy thermal remediation system by fuel combustion into electrical energy being reapplied as electricity to electrically resistive heating unit(s) to power auxiliary equipment and devices associated with the hybrid energy thermal remediation system, or to generate additional fuel through electrolysis. The hybrid energy thermal remediation system includes an energy co-generation assembly with integrated fuel combustor and semiconductor thermoelectric generating device(s) and heating assembly with a thermally conductive outer conduit in contact with the contaminant impacted media.

The invention provides a system for pyrolysis, comprising: (i) a gas producer comprising a gasification zone and a producer gas outlet, wherein the gas producer is configured to: oxidise at least one carbon-containing feed in the presence of an oxidising gas in the gasification zone to form a producer gas; and discharge the producer gas from the gasification zone via the producer gas outlet, wherein a residual oxygen content of the producer gas is substantially depleted or maintained below a maximum predetermined amount by controlling a ratio of oxygen fed to the gasification zone to the carbon-containing feed, (ii) a pyrolyzer comprising a pyrolysis zone and one or more pyrolyzer gas outlets, wherein the pyrolyzer is configured to: feed the producer gas discharged from the gasification zone to the pyrolysis zone; pyrolyze a pyrolyzable organic feed in the pyrolysis zone in the presence of the producer gas to produce a carbonaceous pyrolysis product and a gas mixture comprising combustible components comprising pyrolysis gas; and discharge the gas mixture from the pyrolysis zone via the one or more pyrolyzer gas outlets, and (iii) a first combustor comprising a combustion zone, wherein the first combustor is configured to: receive the gas mixture discharged from the pyrolysis zone in the combustion zone; feed an oxygen-containing gas to the combustion zone; and combust at least a portion of the combustible components present in the gas mixture in the combustion zone to produce a combustion product gas.