The present invention relates to caffeine for use in the treatment of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2. The present invention also relates to compositions comprising caffeine for use in the treatment of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2.

A method for manufacturing a composition consisting of brewer's spent grains and polylactic acid includes the steps of: providing a raw material containing brewer's spent grains; providing a raw material containing polylactic acid; mixing the brewer's spent grains with the polylactic acid at a specific proportion; and providing a binder to enable the brewer's spent grains and the polylactic acid to be well mixed, and to maintain a desired tensile strength. A pretreatment unit includes a dehydration process, a desiccation process, a drying process, a grinding process and a sieving process. A granulator includes a double screw extruder connected with a cutting machine. The double screw extruder mixes the PLA material and the brewer's spent grains and extrudes them into plastic bars which are then cut into plastic granules by the cutting machine.

Cereal grain is pretreated before milling, by selectively removing a first fraction of husk components of the cereal, wherein the first fraction includes the outer husk components of the dampened cereal, and wherein 0.2 to 2% by weight of the cereal is removed, then dampening and conditioning the cereal, then selectively removing a second fraction of husk components of the cereal, wherein the second fraction substantially contains dietary fibers of the dampened cereal. The method makes it possible to efficiently obtain contamination-free total dietary fibers. An apparatus for carrying out the method, and advantageous uses of the total dietary fibers are also described.

Cereal grain is pretreated before milling, by selectively removing a first fraction of husk components of the cereal, wherein the first fraction includes the outer husk components of the dampened cereal, and wherein 0.2 to 2% by weight of the cereal is removed, then dampening and conditioning the cereal, then selectively removing a second fraction of husk components of the cereal, wherein the second fraction substantially contains dietary fibers of the dampened cereal. The method makes it possible to efficiently obtain contamination-free total dietary fibers. An apparatus for carrying out the method, and advantageous uses of the total dietary fibers are also described.

Methods and materials for modulating aluminum tolerance in plants are disclosed. For example, nucleic acids encoding aluminum tolerance-modulating polypeptides are disclosed as well as methods for using such nucleic acids to transform plant cells. Also disclosed are plants having increased tolerance to aluminum and methods of increasing plant yield in soil containing elevated levels of aluminum.

Methods and materials for modulating aluminum tolerance in plants are disclosed. For example, nucleic acids encoding aluminum tolerance-modulating polypeptides are disclosed as well as methods for using such nucleic acids to transform plant cells. Also disclosed are plants having increased tolerance to aluminum and methods of increasing plant yield in soil containing elevated levels of aluminum.

A method of preparing a whole grain rice shredded product is provided. The method includes the steps of combining water and a whole grain rice component, the whole grain rice component comprising at least about 75% by weight rice, or up to about 100% by weight rice, cooking the whole grain rice component and water to form a cooked whole grain rice material, cooling the cooked whole grain rice material, tempering the cooked whole grain rice material for less than about 90 minutes to form a tempered whole grain rice material, and shredding the tempered whole grain rice material to form continuous net-like sheets of the whole grain rice shredded product.

A method of preparing a whole grain rice shredded product is provided. The method includes the steps of combining water and a whole grain rice component, the whole grain rice component comprising at least about 75% by weight rice, or up to about 100% by weight rice, cooking the whole grain rice component and water to form a cooked whole grain rice material, cooling the cooked whole grain rice material, tempering the cooked whole grain rice material for less than about 90 minutes to form a tempered whole grain rice material, and shredding the tempered whole grain rice material to form continuous net-like sheets of the whole grain rice shredded product.

A colourless resistant starch is produced by a process comprising (i) suspending starch in a C2-C4 alcohol, in particular ethanol, in the presence of 0.01-3.0% (w/w) of acid based on the starch; (ii) heating the suspended starch at a temperature of 70-160° C., in particular 78-120° C., and (c) isolating the resulting product. The resulting starch has a resistant fraction of at least 20%.

A colourless resistant starch is produced by a process comprising (i) suspending starch in a C2-C4 alcohol, in particular ethanol, in the presence of 0.01-3.0% (w/w) of acid based on the starch; (ii) heating the suspended starch at a temperature of 70-160° C., in particular 78-120° C., and (c) isolating the resulting product. The resulting starch has a resistant fraction of at least 20%.