Methods and materials for modulating aluminum tolerance in plants are disclosed. For example, nucleic acids encoding aluminum tolerance-modulating polypeptides are disclosed as well as methods for using such nucleic acids to transform plant cells. Also disclosed are plants having increased tolerance to aluminum and methods of increasing plant yield in soil containing elevated levels of aluminum.

Methods and materials for modulating aluminum tolerance in plants are disclosed. For example, nucleic acids encoding aluminum tolerance-modulating polypeptides are disclosed as well as methods for using such nucleic acids to transform plant cells. Also disclosed are plants having increased tolerance to aluminum and methods of increasing plant yield in soil containing elevated levels of aluminum.

Wheat grain (Triticum aestivum) comprising an embryo and starch, wherein the embryo comprises two identical alleles of an SBEIIa-A gene, two identical alleles of an SBEIIa-B gene and two identical alleles of an SBEIIa-D gene, wherein each of the SBEIIa genes gives rise to an amount of protein (w/w) or a protein having SBEIIa activity which is lower than the corresponding wild-type gene, and at least one of said genes comprises a point mutation, wherein the starch comprises amylose such that the grain has an amylose content of at least 50% (w/w) as a proportion of the extractable starch of the grain.

A crisp and hard whole kernel oat snack product made by fully hydrating whole oat kernels (i.e. oat groats), and then gelatinizing the starch in the whole oat kernels using an infrared process. The gelatinized oats are then roasted in a hot air dryer. The resulting food product is measurably harder and crisper than other whole oat products currently available.

A rice wrapper having a rectangular shape is formed into a deformed conical shape having an apex formed by an intermediate part of one long side, the deformed conical shape is formed by: rolling a part forming one corner part located between one short side and the one long side as an inside rolled part in such a way that the one corner part is placed at an intermediate part of the opposite other long side; rolling a part on the other short side over the inside rolled part as an outside rolled part; and fixing the outside rolled part onto the inside rolled part. The rice wrapper has an outer film provided with a first mark for positioning the part on the other short side which is rolled as the outside rolled part when the deformed conical shape is formed.

A rice wrapper having a rectangular shape is formed into a deformed conical shape having an apex formed by an intermediate part of one long side, the deformed conical shape is formed by: rolling a part forming one corner part located between one short side and the one long side as an inside rolled part in such a way that the one corner part is placed at an intermediate part of the opposite other long side; rolling a part on the other short side over the inside rolled part as an outside rolled part; and fixing the outside rolled part onto the inside rolled part. The rice wrapper has an outer film provided with a first mark for positioning the part on the other short side which is rolled as the outside rolled part when the deformed conical shape is formed.

The present disclosure relates to a powdery food containing an edible plant. The powdery food has an insoluble dietary fiber content of 1.0 mass % or more on a dry mass basis, a specific surface area per unit volume after ultrasonication of 0.02 m.sup.2/mL or more, and a 2-pentylfuran content of 1 ppb or more and 50,000 ppb or less.

A mutant transglutaminase (mutant TG) having high thermostability and/or high pH stability is provided. A mutant TG having a mutation at amino acid residue(s) such as D1, Y24, R48, S101, G102, N139, D142, L147, K152, G157, R167, N176, K181, E182, H188, D189, R208, T245, S246, G250, G275, S284, H289, G301, and K327 and/or a mutation of introducing a disulfide bond.

There is described an edible particulate material comprising from 80% to 100% by weight based on total weight of the material of a processable, microbially released, flavour acceptable bran-like material, characterized by the following parameters: (i) mean particle size by volume (Vol. MPS) of from 5 to 100 microns; (ii) volume particle size distribution (Vol. PSD) characterized by the parameters: D.sub.90,3 less than or equal to 350 microns, and D.sub.50,3 less than or equal to 50 microns, and optionally D.sub.10,3 less than or equal to 15 microns, (iii) mean particle sphericity as measured by a S.sub.mean of greater than or equal to 0.75; (iv) where processable means has oil holding capacity (OHC) of from 0.7 to 1.5; (v) where microbially released means material has common microbes below given limits (preferably free of common microbes) (vi) where flavour acceptable denotes a lipase activity (LA) and a peroxidase activity (PA) both less than or equal to 2 U/g optionally a low degree of roasted flavour notes as defined herein. The bran as described may added to foodstuffs for example be used as a bulk ingredient to replace sugar and/or to provide filling and/or coatings having improved hiding ability when used as layers in multilayer foodstuffs.

This application pertains generally to nutritional supplements comprising organic nutrients for consumption by a mammalian subject that supports and protects the immune system in a synergistic and complex way.