Smelting metalliferous feed material process forming molten metal in smelting apparatus including smelt cyclone above and communicating with smelting vessel to contain molten metal and slag bath, including: partially reducing and melting feed material in smelt cyclone, allowing the molten partially reduced feed material flow downwardly into vessel, supplying oxygen-containing gas and carbonaceous material to vessel, smelting molten partially reduced feed material in molten metal and slag bath in vessel forming molten metal discharged from vessel and reaction products projected upwardly from molten bath, at least partially combusting combustible materials in reaction products in vessel space above molten bath, supplying oxygen-containing gas to smelt cyclone. Further combusting reaction products in smelt cyclone, discharging from smelt cyclone offgas including reaction products, supplying oxygen-containing gas into offgas duct upstream high temperature section combusting remaining offgas combustible materials while sufficiently hot for safe ignition and avoiding downstream burner-managed incineration.

A method for treating a metal strip, where the metal strip undergoes heat treatment in a directly fired furnace and is subsequently heat-treated further in a radiant tube furnace. At least part of the exhaust gases from the radiant tubes is fed to the directly fired furnace.

A method for treating a metal strip, where the metal strip undergoes heat treatment in a directly fired furnace and is subsequently heat-treated further in a radiant tube furnace. At least part of the exhaust gases from the radiant tubes is fed to the directly fired furnace.

A solid fuel combustion device includes: a fuel supply device including a firewood feed pipe or another fuel supplier; a primary combustion chamber coupled to the fuel supply device; a secondary combustion chamber including a wall formed of a fireproof material and having a structure in which a space is formed at a side of the combustion gas outlet of the primary combustion chamber to induce primary combustion gas to be secondarily expanded and combusted; and an air supply system including at least one air supply device in an entire combustion path formed in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber.

A solid fuel combustion device includes: a fuel supply device including a firewood feed pipe or another fuel supplier; a primary combustion chamber coupled to the fuel supply device; a secondary combustion chamber including a wall formed of a fireproof material and having a structure in which a space is formed at a side of the combustion gas outlet of the primary combustion chamber to induce primary combustion gas to be secondarily expanded and combusted; and an air supply system including at least one air supply device in an entire combustion path formed in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber.

A method is provided for heating a furnace arranged with a heating zone heated with a burner providing a flame extending in a longitudinal direction and fed with a fuel and a primary oxidant, the burner is operated with a mass relationship between the fed fuel and primary oxidant permitting less than 50% of the fed fuel to be combusted using the primary oxidant, and a respective pair of secondary oxidant lances are provided one either side of the furnace pointing into the heating zone, lancing a secondary oxidant into the heating zone downstream of the burner substantially parallel with a cross plane, such that a temperature is measured downstream of the lances and that each of the lance pairs includes an upstream, low-speed first and a downstream, high-speed second lance, wherein the amount of secondary oxidant supplied via the first lance is regulated to achieve a homogenous lateral temperature profile. A related furnace is also provided.

A method is provided for heating a furnace arranged with a heating zone heated with a burner providing a flame extending in a longitudinal direction and fed with a fuel and a primary oxidant, the burner is operated with a mass relationship between the fed fuel and primary oxidant permitting less than 50% of the fed fuel to be combusted using the primary oxidant, and a respective pair of secondary oxidant lances are provided one either side of the furnace pointing into the heating zone, lancing a secondary oxidant into the heating zone downstream of the burner substantially parallel with a cross plane, such that a temperature is measured downstream of the lances and that each of the lance pairs includes an upstream, low-speed first and a downstream, high-speed second lance, wherein the amount of secondary oxidant supplied via the first lance is regulated to achieve a homogenous lateral temperature profile. A related furnace is also provided.

A fire construction (10) comprising a firebox (12) defining a combustion chamber (14) in which fuel (not shown) can be burnt, a first air supply means (16) for delivering air into the combustion chamber (14) to support combustion of fuel therein, and a second air supply means (18) for supplying additional air to support combustion of fuel within the combustion chamber (14), the second air supply means (18) comprising a supply conduit (20) connecting the combustion chamber (14) with an air supply (22), the supply conduit (20) having a cross section (24) that increases as the supply conduit (20) opens into the combustion chamber (14).

A fire construction (10) comprising a firebox (12) defining a combustion chamber (14) in which fuel (not shown) can be burnt, a first air supply means (16) for delivering air into the combustion chamber (14) to support combustion of fuel therein, and a second air supply means (18) for supplying additional air to support combustion of fuel within the combustion chamber (14), the second air supply means (18) comprising a supply conduit (20) connecting the combustion chamber (14) with an air supply (22), the supply conduit (20) having a cross section (24) that increases as the supply conduit (20) opens into the combustion chamber (14).

An inward-firing dual fuel combustion burner system comprising a burner casing configured to receive a gaseous mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output; a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone, having a substrate angle measured from a longitudinal axis, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface; the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface; one or a plurality of oil nozzles disposed within the combustion cavity defined by the substrate in fluidic communication with a source of pre-heated and pre-pressurized oil fuel, an oil nozzle configured to receive the oil fuel and disperse the oil fuel into the cavity; the burner configured to be operated using either a gaseous premix fuel air mixture or a pre-heated and pre-pressurized liquid fuel oil; the burner configured such that, during gaseous premix fuel operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores; and the burner configured such that, during oil fuel operation, the oil mixture ignites during isenthalpic expansion.