A flame scanner includes a lens barrel assembly defining a generally hollow body having a first end and a second end, and an opening formed in the first end, a lens positioned adjacent to the second end, and a fiber optic cable receivable through the opening in the first end, the fiber optic cable having a distal end. A field of view of the flame scanner is selectively adjustable by varying a position of the distal end of the fiber optic cable with respect to the lens.

Apparatus for insertion into a cavity of an object, the apparatus comprising: a first tube comprising a first end, a second end and a first cavity extending between the first end and the second; a member positioned within the first cavity of the first tube and configured to enable an action to be performed; a heat pipe including a first end, a second end, and a second cavity extending between the first end and the second end, the first tube being positioned within the second cavity of the heat pipe; and an actuator configured to move the first tube relative to the heat pipe.

This invention relates to a method of monitoring a burner (2) and/or a burning behavior of a burner (2) by means of a measured ionization signal. The invention consists in that the ionization signal is measured between an ionization electrode (4, 4) and a counter-electrode (3) spaced apart from a burner surface (2) of the burner (2). Furthermore, the invention relates to a burner assembly.

A head assembly for a pulverized coal nozzle includes removeable wear-resistant inserts having vanes. The vanes may be flat or curved to direct a stream of air and pulverized solid fuel particles from the inlet port toward the outlet port. The curved vanes curve in two dimensions to evenly distribute the stream of air and pulverized solid fuel away from the outer surfaces reducing wear and corrosion. The pipe elbow has a removable cover that allows for easy access. The vanes are attached to a wear-resistant replaceable liner thus allowing them to be easily removed and replaced. The wear-resistant liner may be made from several parts for ease of removal and replacement.

The state of a flame in a gas turbine engine combustor is acoustically monitored using a dynamic pressure sensor within the combustor. A spectral pattern of a dynamic pressure sensor output signal from the sensor is compared with a characteristic frequency pattern that includes information about an acoustic pattern of the flame and information about acoustic signal canceling due to reflections within the combustor. The spectral pattern may also be compared with a characteristic frequency pattern including information about a flame-out condition in the combustor.

Provided is an outer casing having a bottomed tube shape, the casing having a cooling water supply port, and a cooling water discharge port, and being inserted into a high-temperature furnace; an inner casing having a bottomed tube shape inserted into the outer casing; an imaging unit that is disposed in the inner casing which captures an image of the exterior of the outer casing; and partition members that are between an inner surface of the outer casing and an outer surface of the inner casing which define a first flow channel, a second flow channel, and a communicating channel for communicating the first flow channel and the second flow channel between the bottom of the outer casing and the partition members.

Provided is an outer casing having a bottomed tube shape, the casing having a cooling water supply port, and a cooling water discharge port, and being inserted into a high-temperature furnace; an inner casing having a bottomed tube shape inserted into the outer casing; an imaging unit that is disposed in the inner casing which captures an image of the exterior of the outer casing; and partition members that are between an inner surface of the outer casing and an outer surface of the inner casing which define a first flow channel, a second flow channel, and a communicating channel for communicating the first flow channel and the second flow channel between the bottom of the outer casing and the partition members.

The state of a flame in a subject combustor of a gas turbine engine is acoustically monitored using a dynamic pressure sensor within the subject combustor and one or more additional sensors in nearby combustors. Dynamic pressure sensor output signals from the sensors are cross correlated to identify acoustic oscillations generated by a flame in the subject combustor and received by the sensors. The cross correlation may be constrained by a maximum time delay between correlated components of the signals, based on physical characteristics.

The invention includes a method for predicting the operational state of equipment with turbulent flow characterized by time series data relating to its operation. The invention further includes a system and method for predicting the onset of an impending oscillatory instability. Further, the invention includes a system and method for identifying an impending absorbing transition such as flame blowout in combustion systems. A variable representing the dynamics of operation is measured with the help of a sensor, to obtain time series data. A complex network is then derived from the measured time series data. Network properties are then calculated using the complex network to identify the state of stability relating to operation of the equipment. The stability information may include one of thermoacoustic instability, aero-elastic instability such as flutter, flow-induced vibration, magneto-hydrodynamic, aerodynamic, aeromechanical, aero-acoustic instability or onset of flame blowout of a combustor.

To grasp a state of a combustion apparatus based on a flame state of a burner, a discharge number measurement unit measures the number of discharges of a flame sensor per unit time. A light emission information generation unit generates, as light emission information, information obtained based on a value obtained by dividing a total (accumulation) of the number of discharges per unit time measured by the discharge number measurement unit by a total measurement time. A determination unit determines the state of the combustion apparatus to be inspected based on the light emission information generated by the light emission information generation unit as described above.