Cooktop appliances are provided. A cooktop appliance can include a gas burner; a manifold having a gas input; a primary line extending between the manifold and the gas burner, wherein the primary line operates as a non-modulated minimum gas flow line when the cooktop appliance is in an automatic mode; a secondary line extending between the manifold and the gas burner, wherein a gas flow rate of the secondary line is controllable by a flow control valve; a primary valve in fluid communication with at least the primary line; and a control system including: a sensor configured to detect a temperature corresponding to the gas burner; and a controller regulating: (i) the flow control valve in response to the detected temperature to achieve a desired temperature, and (ii) the primary valve when the flow control valve is closed and the detected temperature exceeds the desired temperature.

Cooktop appliances are provided. A cooktop appliance can include a manifold having a gas input; a first burner in fluid communication with the manifold through a first burner supply line having a first valve; and a second burner in fluid communication with the manifold through a second burner supply line having a second valve, the second burner arranged coaxially with respect to the first burner, wherein the second burner supply line comprises a primary line, a secondary line, and a sum line, the sum line providing a combined flow of gas from the primary line and the secondary line to the second burner, wherein the secondary line of the second burner comprises a third valve.

Cooktop appliances are provided. A cooktop appliance can include a gas burner; a manifold having a gas input; a primary line extending between the manifold and the gas burner, wherein a gas flow rate in the primary line is controllable by a user selectable interface; and a secondary line extending between the manifold and the gas burner, wherein a gas flow rate in the secondary line is controllable by a flow control valve.

A burner control system for controlling the operation of a fuel burner arranged to burn a combination of a supply of fuel and a supply of air is provided. The burner control system is arranged to receive from an exhaust gas analyzer one or more signals, each signal being indicative of the level of an exhaust gas emitted by the fuel burner; receive from a photodetector a signal indicative of a level of electromagnetic radiation output by the flame of the fuel burner; and control at least one of the supply of fuel and the supply of air to the burner based on the one or more signals received from the exhaust gas analyzer and the signal received from the photodetector.

Apparatus to deliver gas having a delivery pipe that extends from an entrance end to a gas delivery end along which there are, one after the other, an entrance component, a pressure regulator and a flow rate regulator coordinated with respect to each other to supply on each occasion the desired quantity of gas to a burner of an apparatus fed by gas, or by a mixture of air/gas.

An apparatus and a method for combating crops with a heated air flow involve a gas burner unit that is only activated if the pressure, the flow rate or the rotational speed of the ventilator is greater than a determined threshold value; and the gas burner unit is again deactivated if the pressure, the flow rate or the rotational speed of the ventilator is less than the determined threshold value.

Performance optimization of power plants is one of the major challenges. Several machine learning based techniques are available which are used for optimization of the power plants. Coal selection and blending is critical to ensuring optimum operation of thermal power plants. The present disclosure provides a system and method for optimum coal selection for the power plant and power plant optimization. The system mainly comprises two components. First, a coal usage advisory module providing coal usage and blending ratio advice to the operators based on the available coal. The optimization is with respect to the entire power plant operation including its components. And second, a performance optimization advisory module provides operation instruction for boiler, SCR, APH and other power plant equipment based on the implemented coal blend in real-time.

A method for operating a combustion chamber is provided. The method includes introducing a fuel into the combustion chamber via a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle having an associated stoichiometry for an output end of the nozzle. The method further includes measuring the stoichiometry of each nozzle via one or more sensors to obtain stoichiometric data, and determining that at least one of a frequency and an amplitude of spectral line fluctuations derived from the stoichiometric data has exceeded a threshold. The method further includes adjusting the stoichiometry of at least one of the nozzles based at least in part on the stoichiometric data so as to maintain a flame stability of the combustion chamber.

A gas burner comprises an automatic firing unit for regulating or controlling an amount of gas supplied to the gas burner via a gas control valve and a lambda probe (1) arranged in the exhaust gas flow for measuring a residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas. A method for operating the gas burner comprises a first operating state in which the gas burner is operated in standard mode, wherein the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas is regulated via the measured value of the lambda probe (1). According to the invention, in a second operating state, the gas burner performs a fault test on the lambda probe (1) involving the steps of: deactivating (S18) a supply of power to a pump cell (PZ) of the lambda probe (1); determining a present test voltage (h) of a measurement cell (NZ) of the lambda probe (1); comparing (S25) the present test voltage (h) with a predefined test setpoint voltage (i) and determining a difference; and if the difference exceeds a predefined limit value, performing a safety deactivation (S29); or if the difference does not exceed the predefined limit value, operating the gas burner in the first operating state.

A method of operating a cooktop appliance in a precision mode includes determining a starting temperature and a set of parameters of a closed-loop algorithm for operation of a heating element corresponding to the starting temperature. The method also includes inputting a user-determined set temperature and a current temperature measurement into the closed-loop control algorithm and determining an output of the closed-loop control algorithm using the set of parameters corresponding to the starting temperature. Operation of the heating element is adjusted according to the output of the closed-loop control algorithm.