A system configured to generate heat when supplied with a first fuel or a second fuel can include a fuel supply line operatively connected to a fuel source. A valve assembly can be operatively connected to the fuel supply line. A main burner can be operatively connected to the valve assembly. A thermoelectric generating system can be configured to transform heat to electricity. A first pilot burner can include at least one of a first thermocouple and a first Fe-ion sensor. A second pilot burner can include at least one of a second thermocouple and a second Fe-ion sensor. A printed circuit board (PCB) can be operatively connected to the valve assembly and the first and second pilot burners. The PCB can be configured to control operation of the valve assembly based on information received from at least one of the first and second pilot burners.

A premixing apparatus for mixing air with a fuel gas to supply a burner with an air-fuel mixture via a fan includes: a zero governor and a motor-driven type of variable throttle valve, both being disposed in a gas supply passage; and an excess air ratio detecting device for detecting an excess air ratio of the air-fuel mixture, thereby regulating an opening degree of the variable throttle valve so that the excess air ratio of the air-fuel mixture becomes a predetermined value. An arrangement is made to prevent an ignition failure from occurring in an attempt to perform an ignition operation in a state in which, due to a trouble with the variable throttle valve of remaining opened or remaining closed, the excess air ratio of the air-fuel mixture becomes too small or too excessive. The variable throttle valve is provided with a sensing device.

A thermal oxidizer employing an oxidation mixer, an oxidation chamber, a retention chamber and a heat dissipater forming a fluid flow path for thermal oxidation of a waste gas. In operation, the oxidation mixer facilitates a combustible mixture of the waste gas and an oxidant into an combustible waste gas stream, the oxidation chamber facilitates a primary combustion reaction of the combustible waste gas stream into an oxygenated waste gas stream, the retention chamber facilitates a secondary combustion reaction of the oxygenated waste gas stream into oxidized gases and the heat dissipator reduces the temperature of the flow of oxidized gases within the heat dissipator, which is communicated to a greenhouse gas processor that extracts greenhouse gas(es) from the vaporized oxidized gases. The greenhouse gas processor may condensate the greenhouse gas(es), acid neutralize the condensation of the greenhouse gas(es), and capture the acid neutralization of the condensation of the greenhouse gas(es).

Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

A method and an apparatus for treating comminuted waste material the method comprising: •a) heating comminuted waste material in a heating chamber (28) using one or more heating means (40a-f) to generate a combustible gas •b) measuring or determining the temperature in the heating chamber; •c) comparing the measured or determined temperature in the heating chamber ((28) with a predetermined temperature range; and •d) adjusting the amount of heat applied by the one or more heating means (40a-f) to the heating chamber (28) to maintain the temperature in the heating chamber within the predetermined temperature range.

A method and an apparatus for treating comminuted waste material the method comprising: •a) heating comminuted waste material in a heating chamber (28) using one or more heating means (40a-f) to generate a combustible gas •b) measuring or determining the temperature in the heating chamber; •c) comparing the measured or determined temperature in the heating chamber ((28) with a predetermined temperature range; and •d) adjusting the amount of heat applied by the one or more heating means (40a-f) to the heating chamber (28) to maintain the temperature in the heating chamber within the predetermined temperature range.

The present invention relates to methods and systems for controlling a combustion reaction and the products thereof. One embodiment includes a combustion control system having an oxygenation stream substantially comprising oxygen and CO.sub.2 and having an oxygen to CO.sub.2 ratio, then mixing the oxygenation stream with a combustion fuel stream and combusting in a combustor to generate a combustion products stream having a temperature and a composition detected by a temperature sensor and an oxygen analyzer, respectively, the data from which are used to control the flow and composition of the oxygenation and combustion fuel streams. The system may also include a gas turbine with an expander and having a load and a load controller in a feedback arrangement.

The present inventions provide, among other things, tapered burner tubes having raised gas ports and a smooth interior surface free from obstructions. Venturi members and air shutters may also be included.

The present inventions provide, among other things, tapered burner tubes having raised gas ports and a smooth interior surface free from obstructions. Venturi members and air shutters may also be included.

The invention provides a boiler load analysis apparatus that has a simple configuration and achieves highly accurate analysis of a boiler load. A boiler load analysis apparatus (10) includes an opening sensor (15) provided to at least one of a fuel supply line (45) and a combustion air supply line (50) of a boiler (40) and configured to measure an opening degree of at least one of a fuel flow regulating mechanism (47) configured to regulate, with the opening degree, a fuel flow in the fuel supply line (45) and a supplied air flow regulating mechanism (54) configured to regulate, with the opening degree, a supplied air flow in the combustion air supply line (50), and a load analyzer (20) configured to calculate a steam load of the boiler (40) from a measurement value of the opening sensor (15), to analyze the steam load of the boiler (40).