A method for combustion tuning, comprises collecting exhaust parameters indicating combustion status of a boiler by a sensor array; determining whether the exhaust parameters of the boiler match a preset optimization target; and optimizing combustion, if the exhaust parameters do not match the preset optimization target by selecting a model from a model repository based on a current boiler condition, wherein the model corresponds to a relationship between model input variables and the exhaust parameters; determining at least one optimized model input variable of the boiler for realizing the optimization target, based on the selected model; and adjusting actuators of the boiler according to the optimized model input variable.

A combustion apparatus (1) has a burner (11) configured to burn combustion gas, a heat exchanger (12) disposed below the burner (11), and a combustion fan (13) configured to supply air for combustion, wherein the combustion apparatus performs post-purge operation in which the combustion fan (13) is activated for a predetermined period of time after combustion operation of the burner (11) stops, and intermittent blower operation in which activation and deactivation of the combustion fan (13) is repeated a plurality of times at predetermined intervals after the post-purge operation ends.

A combustion apparatus (1) has a burner (11) configured to burn combustion gas, a heat exchanger (12) disposed below the burner (11), and a combustion fan (13) configured to supply air for combustion, wherein the combustion apparatus performs post-purge operation in which the combustion fan (13) is activated for a predetermined period of time after combustion operation of the burner (11) stops, and intermittent blower operation in which activation and deactivation of the combustion fan (13) is repeated a plurality of times at predetermined intervals after the post-purge operation ends.

A burner includes a flame sensor configured to detect at least one of permittivity, capacitance, or resistance across a flame region. The permittivity, capacitance, or resistance is used to determine the presence or absence of the flame in a combustion system. A combustion system supports a combustion reaction. The combustion system utilizes a combustion sensor, and optionally a plasma generator to stabilize the combustion reaction. A controller receives sensor signals from the combustion sensor and controls the plasma generator to stabilize the combustion reaction responsive to the sensor signals. The plasma generator stabilizes the combustion reaction by generating a plasma.

A burner includes a flame sensor configured to detect at least one of permittivity, capacitance, or resistance across a flame region. The permittivity, capacitance, or resistance is used to determine the presence or absence of the flame in a combustion system. A combustion system supports a combustion reaction. The combustion system utilizes a combustion sensor, and optionally a plasma generator to stabilize the combustion reaction. A controller receives sensor signals from the combustion sensor and controls the plasma generator to stabilize the combustion reaction responsive to the sensor signals. The plasma generator stabilizes the combustion reaction by generating a plasma.

A system for measuring a fuel-oxidant equivalence ratio includes at least one wall defining a gas volume including fuel and air. A gas ionization source is configured to cause a formation of ions in the gas. A power supply is configured to output a time-varying voltage. A first electrode is disposed in the gas volume, operatively coupled to the power supply, and configured to carry the time-varying voltage. A second electrode is arranged to operatively couple to a signal output by the first electrode after the signal passes through the gas volume. Characteristics of the received signal indicate the fuel-oxidant equivalence ratio.

A gas powered water heater includes a storage tank, a main burner, a flame sensor assembly, and a controller communicatively coupled to the flame sensor assembly. The flame sensor assembly includes a probe positioned proximate the main burner to couple an electric current to the main burner through a flame on the main burner and not to couple an electric current to the main burner when the flame is not present on the main burner, and a detector that provides signals representative of the electric current provided through the probe. The controller is programmed to determine a length of time taken for a transition between a signal representative of no electric current and a signal representative of a steady state electric current, and determine, based at least in part on the determined length of time, a strength of the flame on the main burner.

A combustible gas heating apparatus includes: a main burner arranged in a combustion chamber of the apparatus, a pilot burner for generating a pilot flame for igniting it, a valve group comprising a main valve arranged on a main duct, and a pilot valve arranged thereon, upstream of the main valve, for supplying gas to the pilot burner, a system for controlling gas to the main and pilot burners, including an electronic control unit operatively associated with the main and pilot valves, a thermal safety device actuable in the presence of inflammable vapors near the apparatus, to safely extinguish the main burner when a predetermined temperature threshold has been exceeded, the pilot burner configured as a continuous pilot burner having a permanent flame, the pilot and main valves being electrically-operated valves, an auxiliary buffer battery configured to power the electronic control.

A safety system for a gas apparatus (100) for heating water, the gas apparatus comprising a tank (1) for containing water and a first gas burner (2) for heating the water contained inside the tank (1). The safety system (200, 200′) comprises a first sensor (9) suitable for generating a first signal which represents a temperature of the water contained in the tank (1), a second sensor (10) suitable for generating a second signal which represents a temperature of the water contained in the tank (1), a supply circuit (11) for energizing a first actuator (4) of a first valve (3) which is arranged to allow to pass/intercept a flow of gas towards the first gas burner (2), the first actuator (4) being arranged to actuate so as to open and close the first valve (3) when it is energized and non-energized, respectively, a switch device (13) which is arranged in the supply circuit (11) in order to close/open the supply circuit (11) so as to energize/not to energize the first actuator (4), a digital processing unit (14) which is operatively connected to the first and/or second sensor (9, 10) and which is configured to compare a set-point value which represents a preselected temperature with the first or second signal and a control device (16) which is operatively connected to the switch device (13) and to the first and second sensors (9, 10). The control device (16) comprises an analogue comparator (17) which is operatively connected to the first and second sensors (9, 10) in order to compare the first signal with the second signal and the control device (16) is configured to generate a control signal (18) for controlling so as to open/close the switch device (13) on the basis of the comparison between the first and second signals carried out by the analogue comparator (17).

A system includes a probe disposed through one or more walls of a turbomachine. The probe includes a sensing component configured to sense a parameter of the turbomachine. The probe also includes a body coupled to the sensing component, an inlet configured to receive a cooling inflow, a shell that defines a cooling passage, and an outlet. The sensing component is disposed on a warm side of the one or more walls. The inlet and the outlet are disposed on a cool side of the one or more walls. The cooling passage directs the cooling inflow toward the sensing component and toward the outlet. The outlet is configured to receive an outflow from the cooling passage, wherein the outflow includes at least a portion of the cooling inflow.