A system for controlling a flow may be provided. The system may comprise a first flow controller and a gas density meter. The gas density meter may be in fluid communication with the first flow controller. The gas density meter may be configured to calculate a gas density for a first gas flowing through the gas density meter. In addition, the gas density meter may be configured to output a first signal configured to cause the first flow controller to alter a first flow rate of the first gas flowing through the first flow controller. Furthermore, the gas density meter may be configured to output a density signal going to the second controller.

A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer and a method of processing absorption spectra is used to measure concentrations of selected fuel gas components and calculate several fuel gas parameters, including heating value, relative density, compressibility, theoretical hydrocarbon liquid content and Wobbe index. In the described incarnation, a tunable laser diode directs near-infrared light into an optical cavity through a sample of fuel gas. A sensor measures intensity of light exiting the cavity as the laser wavelength is tuned over a specified range to construct a cavity-enhanced absorption spectrum for the fuel gas. A set of basis spectra for expected component species is used to analyze the spectrum and determine component concentrations, including methane, ethane, carbon dioxide, and other discrete and structured absorbers. Critically, a generic broadband absorption is used to model higher hydrocarbons that present themselves as nearly featureless absorption spectra. The fuel gas parameters are then calculated directly from determined component concentrations and the broadband absorption representing the higher hydrocarbons.

A method of determining at least one fuel characteristic of a fuel provided to a gas turbine engine of an aircraft includes making an operational change, the operational change being effected by a controllable component of a propulsion system of which the gas turbine engine forms a part, and being arranged to affect operation of the gas turbine engine, sensing a response to the operational change; and determining the at least one fuel characteristic based on the response to the operational change.

A system for controlling a flow may be provided. The system may comprise a first flow controller and a gas density meter. The gas density meter may be in fluid communication with the first flow controller. The gas density meter may be configured to calculate a gas density for a first gas flowing through the gas density meter. In addition, the gas density meter may be configured to output a first signal configured to cause the first flow controller to alter a first flow rate of the first gas flowing through the first flow controller. Furthermore, the gas density meter may be configured to output a density signal going to the second controller.

A delay time calculation method is a method for calculating a delay time in a facility including a fuel line for introducing a fuel gas to a supply target device, and a calorimeter for measuring a calorie of the fuel gas obtained from a measurement point of the fuel line, the delay time indicating a time difference between when the calorie of the fuel gas is measured by the calorimeter and when the fuel gas reaches the supply target device, the fuel line including a plurality of segments obtained by dividing the fuel line between the measurement point and the supply target device, the delay time calculation method including: a step of calculating a plurality of segment movement delay times respectively indicating times required for the fuel gas to pass through the plurality of segments; a step of calculating a total movement delay time which is a time required for the fuel gas to move through the fuel line from the measurement point to the supply target device, by adding up the plurality of segment movement delay times; and a step of acquiring the delay time based on the total movement delay time. The step of calculating the plurality of segment movement delay times includes acquiring the segment movement delay time based on a correlation between the segment movement delay time acquired in advance and a fuel flow rate supplied to the supply target device, for each of the plurality of segments.

An exhaust detecting safety switch assembly for turning off an oil burner when a disruptive quantity of exhaust is detected includes an oil burner. The oil burner ignites oil to define a flame when the oil burner is turned on. An ignition is positioned in and is in electrical communication with the oil burner. The ignition is actuated to ignite the oil. A shutoff is electrically coupled to the ignition and is actuated to turn the oil burner off when the shutoff no longer detects the flame. A safeguard unit is mounted on and is in fluid communication with the oil burner. The safeguard unit is electrically coupled to the ignition. The safeguard unit detects when the oil burner emits a disruptive quantity of opaque exhaust and when detected turns the oil burner off. The safeguard unit is positioned to inhibit access to the safeguard unit.

Systems and methods for improved gas turbine engine performance are disclosed. The method can include receiving an error function for a wide range of fuels. The error function can provide lower heating value (LHV) corrections over the wide range of fuels. The method can include receiving gas turbine engine operation data for a first period of run time on the gas turbine from one or more sensors of the gas turbine engine. The engine operation data can include a performance data points. The method can include determining an optimum LHV based on the engine operation data for the first period of run time and the error function. The method can then include adjusting fuel consumption of the gas turbine engine based on the optimum LHV.

The invention discloses a high efficiency combustion control system and a method thereof. A high-efficiency combustion control system includes a gasification unit, a gas remixing zone coupled to the gasification unit, a combustion unit coupled to the gas remixing zone; a first gas detecting unit disposed in the gasification unit; a second gas detecting unit disposed in the remixing gas region; and an air supply unit coupled to the gas remixing zone. The first gas detecting unit and the second gas detecting unit detect the concentration of a specific gas of the first gaseous fuel or the second gaseous fuel respectively. And air is supplied to the liquid fuel or the first gaseous fuel according to the gas concentration, so that the gasification rate is changed, and the calorific value is changed accordingly to obtain the optimal calorific value and the optimal combustion efficiency.

Systems and methods for monitoring emissions of a combusted gas are provided. The method includes determining a first net heating value of a flare gas. The method also includes determining a second net heating value of a combustion gas including the flare gas. The second net heating value can be determined based upon the first net heating value and a volumetric flow rate of the flare gas. Based upon the value of the second net heating value, an empirical model or a non-parametric machine learning model can be selected. A combustion efficiency of the combustion gas can be determined using the selected model, the second net heating value, and selected ones of the process conditions and the environmental conditions. Total emissions of the combustion mixture can be further determined from the combustion efficiency and a volumetric flow rate of the combustion gas.

Various embodiments include a method for estimating a flow value for fuels of different compositions supplied to a combustion device using a mass flow sensor. An example method includes: recording a first temperature of the fuel using a first resistor element; determining a compensable value with a heat output signal of a heating element; and estimating a flow value for the fuel supply by compensation of the value compensable as a function of the first temperature and/or as a function of the fuel composition and/or as a function of the fuel gas composition on the basis of at least one saved mapping rule dependent on the first temperature and/or on the fuel composition and/or on the fuel gas composition and on the basis of a calibration characteristic curve saved for a reference gas.