A hockey training apparatus may comprise a backrest that may be interchangeable with a seat. The backrest may support the back of a user during use. A harness may comprising one or two straps connected to the backrest and be used to encircle the waist of the user. The user may pedal and practice puck stickhandling techniques that include moving the puck in front of the frame between a right side and a left side of the hockey training apparatus. The frame of the hockey training apparatus may comprise a back section in contact with a floor and a backrest tube for mounting and supporting a backrest post of the adjustable backrest. The frame may also have a middle section for mounting and supporting the crankset, pedals and axle and a front section in contact with the floor, but preferably without any handles or other structures in front of the user that would interfere with side to side movement of a hockey stick by the user.

A brake controller for spinner bikes has a frame body engaging a pair of connecting pieces, a shaft engaging a first block through a top end thereof and a second block through a bottom end thereof, and a magnetic encoder that has a PCB with coding circuit for detecting rotation of a magnet disposed under the second block. Thereby the brake controller controls two kinds of braking forces by a single button for spinner bikes.

An apparatus for operating a simulator with a special impression of reality is provided. The apparatus is configured for learning how to control a vehicle moving in three-dimensional reality. Controllable systems for detecting human stress reactions are provided. The controllable systems may be configured for sensing the resistance of the skin and for detecting movements of persons and physiognomy.

A human-powered generator includes a frame and a pedal crankset and crankset sprocket rotatably mounted on the frame, a flywheel rotatably mounted on the frame including a flywheel-crankset sprocket a flywheel-countershaft sprocket, a countershaft rotatably mounted on the frame including a countershaft-flywheel sprocket and a countershaft-alternator sprocket, and an alternator including an alternator drive shaft and an alternator sprocket. The human-powered generator also includes a crankset-flywheel drive chain, a flywheel-countershaft drive chain, and a countershaft-alternator drive chain. A pedaling cadence at the pedal crankset of between approximately 60 RPM and approximately 100 RPM achieves an alternator drive shaft RPM of between approximately 2,000 RPM and approximately 5,000 RPM.

Described herein are methods for determining a target musculoskeletal activity cycle (MSKC) to cardiac cycle (CC) timing relationship. The method may include detecting a signal responsive to a cyclically-varying arterial blood flow at a location on a head of a user; providing a recurrent prompt at a frequency of the heart pump cycle using the signal, such that the signal correlates with a magnitude of blood flow adjacent to the location, and the recurrent prompt is provided to guide the user to time performance of a component of a rhythmic musculoskeletal activity with the recurrent prompt; and guiding the user to adjust a timing of the component of the rhythmic musculoskeletal activity to substantially maximize a magnitude of the signal. In some embodiments, the method further includes generating the recurrent prompt by amplifying the sound generated by the blood flow in or in proximity to an ear of the user.

A compact, portable, lightweight, easily transportable leg press exercise apparatus to simulate both exercise and the daily activity of sitting in a microgravity environment. The exercise portion of the apparatus creates stress on the lower extremities by supplying a variable resistance to a reciprocating foot pedal by way of a coil spring and damper system acting through a four-bar linkage. The chair is adjustable in angle to fit each user and to simulate a force that is two-thirds of body weight. By combining resistance exercise and lower body negative pressure with the LBNP leg press exercise apparatus, the users experience one or more times body weight (BW) in stress on their musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and nervous systems. By achieving one times BW or greater (artificial gravity) during exercise and two-thirds BW during sitting, the gap between the precondition and post condition syndrome will become smaller.

An exercise system and an adjustment method thereof. The exercise system includes an exercise machine and a data transmission device. The exercise machine includes a control unit, a storage unit, a stepless force device, a sensor, a user operation part and an operation interface. During exercise, the control unit executes the exercise program to dynamically change resistance according to a sensed location, speed or acceleration of the user operation part and an adjustable parameter. Through the data transmission device, the user can download the personal training parameter from a remote device into the exercise machine, or upload the training result and the personal training parameter to the remote device.

A horse riding exercise machine is not only compact in structure but also easy to be assembled and disassembled. When in use, a second N-shaped connecting rod and/or a return member are provided to achieve a labor-saving effect for exercise. Through a compact structure and the detachable connection of a bolt, when the horse riding exercise machine is not used, the bolt can be loosened so that a rear support base can be pushed toward a front support base to close up, thereby reducing the storage space to facilitate the storage.

A multifunctional arm cranking exerciser includes an omnidirectional support bracket assembly, which comprises a five-way bracket mounted to a top thereof and having a left side to which a left arm exercising device is mounted and a right side to which a right arm exercising device is mounted. Also mounted on the five-way bracket are a damping adjustment device and a quick release pin device. The quick release pin device allows for quick coupling and positioning of left and right arm cranks of the left and right arm exercising devices at an angular difference of 0 degree or 180 degrees and also allows for quick release and decoupling of the left and right arm exercising devices to be independent of each other. The damping adjustment device adjusts and regulates a level of damping for achieving an effect of efficient exercising.

A frame lifting mechanism includes a base, a motor, a lead screw, a sliding member, a lifting member and a supporting shaft. The motor is connected to the lead screw, and the lead screw is fastened onto a transmission tube, allowing the transmission tube to move forward and backward while being driven by the lead screw. The sliding member is installed on a sliding track arranged on the base and connected to the transmission tube, allowing the sliding base to actuate with the transmission tube synchronously. A rear end of the lifting base is pivotally attached onto the base for support, and the supporting member uses its two top and bottom ends to be pivotally attached onto the lifting member and the sliding member respectively, allowing the supporting shaft to utilize the movement of the sliding member to drive the lifting member to move upward and downward.