The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for controlling emission of a hydrocarbon production. One computer-implemented method includes: determining, by one or more hardware processors, a flow rate of an emission source in a hydrocarbon production; determining, by the one or more hardware processors, a rate of formation of one or more emission components; determining, by the one or more hardware processors, a prediction indicator tag for the emission source; and outputting, by the one or more hardware processors, the prediction indicator tag in a user interface.

A system for widely spaced wavelength tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy includes at least a first and second tunable diode laser generating laser light at a first and second wavelength, wherein laser light of the first and second wavelengths cannot co-propagate efficiently on the same single-mode fiber. A first fiber may be configured to carry light in the first wavelength, and a second fiber configured to carry light in the second wavelength. A fiber bundle may be formed from the distal ends of the first and second fibers stripped of their respective coatings, and arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other. One or more pitch heads are configured to project respective beams of laser light from the fiber bundle through a measurement zone. One or more catch heads located across the measurement zone receive the respective beams and direct the respective beams onto at least one sensor.

Methods and systems for programming and controlling a control system of a gas valve assembly. The methods and systems include programming a control system in an automated manner to establish an air-fuel ratio based at least in part on a burner firing rate. The established air-fuel ratio may be configured to facilitate meeting a combustion constituent set point of combustion constituents in the combustion exhaust. The methods and systems include controlling operation of a combustion appliance based on closed-loop control techniques and utilizing feedback from a sensor measuring combustion constituents in exhaust from a combustion chamber in the combustion appliance. The combustion constituents on which control of the combustion appliance may be determined include oxygen and/or carbon dioxide.

A method for analyzing or optimizing the operation of waste incinerator systems. The content of CO2 is measured in the exhaust gas and is used to determine the ratio of biogenic carbon to fossil carbon in the incinerated waste, if necessary after resetting to the CO2 reference quantity. The variability of the CO2 reference or the ratio of biogenic carbon to fossil carbon in the incinerated waste is determined and recorded according to quantity and duration. When optimizing the operation, the location of the waste in the bunker, from which the incinerated waste originates with a composition or variability that has now been ascertained using the method, is used to further remove or mix the waste.

Sensing of gas species characteristics within a process chamber includes selectively projecting a beam of a first select lasing frequency therethough. The beam is optically coupled to a detector to detect a process transmission spectrum having an absorption dip at a select lasing frequency caused by a gas species characteristic. The beam is selectively projected through a fiber Bragg grating which is formed in an optical fiber core to partially reflect at least a portion of the beam of the first select lasing frequency while passing a remainder of the beam. The remainder of the beam has an FBG transmission spectrum mimicking the absorption dip at or near the select lasing frequency caused by a gas species characteristic of interest. It is optically coupled the detector. Outputs of the detector are monitored to compare the FBG transmission spectrum to any process transmission spectrum produced in the process chamber.

A burner includes an atomizing chamber, a flame tube in front of the atomizing chamber adapted to direct combusting fuel introduced by the atomizing chamber along an interior of the flame tube, and a controller. The controller is programmed to independently control rate of fuel flow to the atomizing chamber, rate of atomizing air flow to the atomizing chamber, and rate of combustion air to the flame tub. The controller is also programmed to perform operations including regulating, based on output of a gas sensor, at least the rate of combustion air to the flame tube to substantially maintain a first predetermined amount of excess air in the flame tube.

A sampling and preparation system is positioned in a coal and biomass co-fired power station, which includes a sampling pipe connected with a boiler flue of the co-fired power station. The sampling pipe from the end close to the boiler flue to the other end away from the boiler flue includes a filtering device, a mass flow controller, a carbon dioxide trap and a pumping device. The sampling and preparation system also includes a carbon dioxide transfer device and a .sup.14C testing device. The carbon dioxide transfer device is applied to transferring the carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide trap to the .sup.14C testing device which is applied to measuring the .sup.14C in the carbon dioxide sample. The system may calculate the biomass blending ratio of the coal and biomass co-fired power station rapidly.

A gas outlet monitoring system for a boiler system includes a gas probe(s) with a plurality of gas sensing locations wherein each location measures a plurality of parameters of the gas flow, such a oxygen concentration and temperature. The multi-sensor probe includes a tubular lance and a plurality of sensor pods spaced along the lance. Each sensor pod has an oxygen sensor disposed in a first port, and a first temperature sensor disposed in a second port. An enclosure is disposed at one end of the tubular lance. The enclosure has a respective pressure sensor for each oxygen sensor port. A plurality of first tubes passes through the lance between the enclosure and the first port of a respective sensor pod to provide a gas to the respective first port for the purpose of providing cleaning air. A plurality of second tubes passes through the lance between the enclosure and the first port of a respective sensor pod to provide fluid communication between gas in the respective first port and the respective pressure sensor. One pressure sensor is provided for each oxygen sensor.

A sensor device for detecting a flame comprises a carbon dioxide sensor for detecting a CO.sub.2 concentration, a fuel sensor for detecting the combustion of a fuel, an electrostatic charge variation sensor for detecting electrostatic charge variations generated by the flame, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to acquire a carbon dioxide signal indicative of the concentration of carbon dioxide, a fuel signal indicative of the fuel combustion, and an electrostatic charge variation signal indicative of a difference between the electrostatic charge variations detected by a first and a second electrode of the electrostatic charge variation sensor, determine a quantized signal based on the electrostatic charge variation signal, determine an aggregate datum based on the carbon dioxide signal, the fuel signal and the electrostatic charge variation signal, and generate, based on the aggregate datum, a flame signal indicative of the presence or absence of the flame.

A system and method for calibrating flame current in a furnace is disclosed. The method includes initiating combustion within a combustion chamber by allowing flow of the fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; receiving, from a sensor, signals indicative of a flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber; receiving, from a flame rod sensor, signals indicative of a flame current of the combustion chamber; varying a flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber; receiving, from the flame rod sensor, responsive to varying flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber, signals indicative of a change in the flame current of the combustion chamber; and determining, based on varying flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber, and the change in flame current of the combustion chamber, a correlation between the flow rate of the air, and the flame current of the combustion chamber.