Systems and methods for reducing NO.sub.x and CO emissions in a natural draft heater are disclosed. For example, the disclosure provides embodiments of systems and methods for controlling a draft value within a heater shell to deliver an amount of excess air to a burner to thereby maintain at least one of NOx emissions not exceeding 0.025 lb/MMBtu (HHV) and CO emissions not exceeding 0.01 lb/MMBtu (HHV) in a natural draft heater.

Boiler systems and associated control systems, methods for operating same, are described herein. In one example embodiment, a boiler system includes a furnace, an exhaust passage, an air passage, a FGR passage, a flue gas valve that is adjustable by way of a first actuator, a NO.sub.X gas sensor, an oxygen gas sensor, and an additional valve that is adjustable by way of a second actuator. Further, the boiler system includes at least one processing device coupled to the NO.sub.X gas sensor, the oxygen gas sensor, the first actuator and the second actuator. The at least one processing device is configured to generate control signals that are provided to the first actuator and second actuator, and also configured to generate correction factors by way of a calibration process and to utilize one or more of the correction factors in determining one or more of the control signals.

Emissions of NO.sub.x and/or CO are reduced at the stack by systems and methods wherein a primary fuel is thoroughly mixed with a specific range of excess combustion air. The primary fuel-air mixture is then discharged and anchored within a combustion chamber of a burner. Further, the systems and methods provide for dynamically controlling NO.sub.x content in emissions from a furnace by adjusting the flow of primary fuel and of a secondary stage fuel, and in some cases controlling the amount or placement of combustion air into the furnace.

The present invention relates to a method of optimization for continuous combustion systems, which reduces fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and particulate matter. The operating principle is based on the introduction of small amounts of hydrogen in the fuel intake duct of the system, or preferably along the continuous burning chamber, with the aim of optimizing the burning of traditional fuels, improving the parameters of the combustion reaction, the effect of the process in question will increase the temperature of the walls of the chamber, ensuring re-ignition and a more complete combustion and consequently reducing the required fuel flow feed. This optimized combustion will increase the combustion efficiency and reduce its environmental impact.

A combustion device includes an ammonia supply unit supplying primary reduction ammonia as a nitrogen oxide reducing agent into a combustor and mixing secondary reduction ammonia with combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustor to reduce nitrogen oxide contained in the combustion exhaust gas and a controller configured to control at least one of the amount of supply of the primary reduction ammonia and the amount of mixing of the secondary reduction ammonia with the combustion exhaust gas in accordance with concentrations of residual nitrogen oxide and residual ammonia contained in the combustion exhaust gas after being discharged from the combustor.

A method for operating a combustion chamber is provided. The method includes obtaining a carbon monoxide reading at an exit of the combustion chamber via a carbon monoxide sensor, and deriving an oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the carbon monoxide reading and a carbon monoxide set point via a controller. The method further includes determining a stability status of the combustion chamber via a combustion stability sensor, and adjusting an oxygen set point of the combustion chamber with the oxygen set point trim based at least in part on the stability status via the controller. The oxygen set point defines a desired oxygen level at the exit of the combustion chamber.

The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for controlling emission of a hydrocarbon production. One computer-implemented method includes: determining, by one or more hardware processors, a flow rate of an emission source in a hydrocarbon production; determining, by the one or more hardware processors, a rate of formation of one or more emission components; determining, by the one or more hardware processors, a prediction indicator tag for the emission source; and outputting, by the one or more hardware processors, the prediction indicator tag in a user interface.

A combustion method for controlling and monitoring exhaust gas emissions in boilers is provided. The combustion method comprises the following steps: providing a liquid fuel in a boiler, burning the liquid fuel under atmospheric pressure; measuring a first combustion temperature in the boiler, and monitoring an initial concentration of a first exhaust gas in the boiler; adding a combustion improver to the boiler in batches and monitoring an emission concentration of the first exhaust gas in the boiler, wherein the emission concentration is less than the initial concentration; and repeating the above steps, and monitoring the boiler until a second combustion gas is generated, stop adding the combustion improver, and measuring the temperature in the boiler as a second combustion temperature, and reducing the amount of the combustion improver to avoid the generation of the second exhaust gas.

A gas outlet monitoring system for a boiler system includes a gas probe(s) with a plurality of gas sensing locations wherein each location measures a plurality of parameters of the gas flow, such a oxygen concentration and temperature. The multi-sensor probe includes a tubular lance and a plurality of sensor pods spaced along the lance. Each sensor pod has an oxygen sensor disposed in a first port, and a first temperature sensor disposed in a second port. An enclosure is disposed at one end of the tubular lance. The enclosure has a respective pressure sensor for each oxygen sensor port. A plurality of first tubes passes through the lance between the enclosure and the first port of a respective sensor pod to provide a gas to the respective first port for the purpose of providing cleaning air. A plurality of second tubes passes through the lance between the enclosure and the first port of a respective sensor pod to provide fluid communication between gas in the respective first port and the respective pressure sensor. One pressure sensor is provided for each oxygen sensor.

A system and method for calibrating flame current in a furnace is disclosed. The method includes initiating combustion within a combustion chamber by allowing flow of the fuel mixture to the combustion chamber; receiving, from a sensor, signals indicative of a flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber; receiving, from a flame rod sensor, signals indicative of a flame current of the combustion chamber; varying a flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber; receiving, from the flame rod sensor, responsive to varying flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber, signals indicative of a change in the flame current of the combustion chamber; and determining, based on varying flow rate of the air to the combustion chamber, and the change in flame current of the combustion chamber, a correlation between the flow rate of the air, and the flame current of the combustion chamber.