A liquid fuel or hybrid fuel burner and method of operating the burner are described. The combustion air and/or NOx reducing medium are introduced at more than one location in the burner. A portion of the combustion air and the NOx reducing medium can be injected into the primary combustion zone through the NOx reducing medium conduit which surrounds the fuel injector which injects atomized liquid fuel or fuel gas into the primary combustion zone. Another portion of the combustion air and the NOx reducing medium can be introduced into the primary combustion zone through a passage in the burner tile surrounding the NOx reducing medium conduit. A third portion of NOx reducing medium can be injected outside the burner tile. NOx reducing medium can be introduced into any combination of the three locations.

A combustion method for controlling and monitoring exhaust gas emissions in boilers is provided. The combustion method comprises the following steps: providing a liquid fuel in a boiler, burning the liquid fuel under atmospheric pressure; measuring a first combustion temperature in the boiler, and monitoring an initial concentration of a first exhaust gas in the boiler; adding a combustion improver to the boiler in batches and monitoring an emission concentration of the first exhaust gas in the boiler, wherein the emission concentration is less than the initial concentration; and repeating the above steps, and monitoring the boiler until a second combustion gas is generated, stop adding the combustion improver, and measuring the temperature in the boiler as a second combustion temperature, and reducing the amount of the combustion improver to avoid the generation of the second exhaust gas.

A residential gas heater assembly that comprises a gas heater, a blower assembly, a flue, and a combustion sensor assembly. The gas heater assembly comprises a burner chamber. The blower assembly comprises a housing. The blower assembly is adapted and configured to move air into the burner chamber and move combustion gases through the flue along a combustion gases flow path. The combustion sensor assembly is in fluid communication with a first location and a second location. The first location is within the combustion gases flow path. The gas heater assembly is adapted and configured such that operating the gas heater and the blower assembly induces a pressure differential between the first location and the second location to thereby cause a portion of the combustion gases to be drawn from the first location and flow to the combustion sensor assembly.

A method for controlling a combustion process in a gas turbine wherein a combustion chamber, a control device storing a calculation model of the combustion process, and an exhaust air measurement device are used. A permissible limit value for nitrogen oxides and for carbon monoxide as pollutants is set. The actual value of at least one of the two pollutants is measured continuously in the exhaust air. When a signal to reduce the power of the gas turbine to a lowest possible value is given, then a minimum fuel supply at which the limit values are complied with is calculated. The fuel supply is then reduced either until the calculated minimum fuel supply is reached or until the continuously measured proportion of the pollutant reaches the permissible limit value.

A device for thermal treatment comprises at least a preheater, a calciner, and a materials cooler, wherein a solids stream is guided into the preheater, from the preheater into the calciner, from the calciner into the materials cooler, and out of the materials cooler, wherein a gas stream is guided into the materials cooler, from the materials cooler into the calciner, from the calciner into the preheater, and out of the preheater, wherein the device comprises a combustion chamber, wherein the gas stream from the materials cooler is guided at least partially through the combustion chamber into the calciner, wherein a residence time device is arranged between the combustion chamber and the calciner.