An oven appliance has a reflector positioned within a housing above an upper heating element. An air distribution manifold defines an entrance proximate a cooking chamber of the housing. A catalytic smoke reducer is positioned above the reflector at the entrance of the air distribution manifold. An air handler is operable to draw air from above the reflector through the catalytic smoke reducer and the entrance of the air distribution manifold.

Systems and methods for user configurable cooking appliances include receiving system resources having associated budgets, facilitating user allocation the system resources to a plurality of heating elements without exceeding the associate budgets, applying the system resources to the heating elements to heat one or more food substances within a cooking chamber, and selectively regulating delivery of the system resources to the heating elements such that no more than the associated budget of each of the system resources is delivered to the heating elements. Computing components can execute a heating algorithm to cook at least one food substance in the cooking chamber, detect a state change of the food substance, and modify the heating algorithm to reconfigure the system resources supplied to the heating elements in response to the state change and in accordance with user configured allocation and associated budgets for the system resources.

A heater element including: a primary conductor formed from a single sheet of metal, wherein the primary conductor is capable of radiating heat within 5 seconds and has a DeLuca Element Ratio of less than 2 ohms/m2; and primary conductor bars that are not welded to the primary conductor.

A particulate material heater consisting essentially of an elongated housing consisting of an outer shell having at least one wall, a first end and a second end. The first end is movable into and out of the housing, and the first end has an opening through a front wall of the first end. There is a heating unit housed in the housing. The heating unit has electrical energy supply conduits from the heating unit to en electrical power source in one embodiment. In addition, the material heater can have a unit for controlling the energy input to the heater.

A radiation grill unit (1) comprises (i) a food support unit (100) with bars (110), (ii) a radiation unit (200) that includes a reflector (210) (with reflector opening (223)) hosting an IR radiation heater (220), wherein the radiation unit (200) is configured to provide IR radiation (201) in a direction of the food support unit (100), and (iii) a radiation grill unit cavity (3) configured to host a drip tray (300). The drip tray is configured in the radiation grill unit cavity below a lower part edge of the reflector and out of a line of sight of direct IR radiation from the IR radiation heater. The drip tray further comprises a drip tray face and at least one drip tray reservoir configured at a side edge of the drip tray in a location that does not receive direct IR radiation, and configured to store a lipid comprising liquid.

The present invention relates to an electric oven. The electric oven according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cavity which is provided with an oven chamber, a door for opening and closing alternatively the oven chamber, a carbon heater for providing radiant energy to the inside of a cooking room through the communication opening, a reflector for reflecting the radiant energy from the carbon heater to the inside of the cooking room, and a grate which is fixed to the reflector and is disposed on the communication opening and is provided with a forming section a part of which is formed toward the reflector. Therefore, the grate can be prevented from being damaged according to the electric oven of the present invention.

An oven appliance may include a cabinet, a plurality of chamber walls, a cooking surface, a top heating element, a temperature sensor, and a controller. The cooking surface may be defined in a cooking chamber. The top heating element may be mounted above the cooking surface to heat the cooking chamber. The temperature sensor may be disposed within the cabinet. The controller may be configured to initiate a cooking operation that includes initiating preheat activation of the top heating element, receiving temperature signals from the temperature sensor during the preheat activation, determining a preheat threshold is met based on the received temperature signals, and initiating cooking activation of the top heating element based on a cooking cycle having a predetermined time interval subsequent to determining the preheat threshold is met. Initiating cooking activation may include directing the top heating element based on the cooking cycle for the predetermined time interval.

A cooking apparatus includes a first electric heating element, a reflective surface below the first electric heating element, and a cooking surface above the first electric heating element. The cooking surface is heated by radiant energy from the electric heating element and becomes heated to emit heat to food on the cooking surface.

A method of degassing semiconductor substrates includes sequentially loading a plurality of semiconductor substrates into a degas apparatus, and degassing the semiconductor substrates in parallel, the degassing of each semiconductor substrate commencing at a different time related to the time at which the semiconductor substrate was loaded into the degas apparatus. The method further includes unloading a semiconductor substrate from the degas apparatus when the semiconductor substrate has been degassed, while semiconductor substrates which were loaded later in the sequence are still being degassed. The degassing of the semiconductor substrates is performed at pressure of less than 10.sup.−4 Torr, and the degas apparatus is pumped continuously during the degassing of the semiconductor substrates.

Several embodiments include a cooking appliance/instrument (e.g., oven). The cooking appliance/instrument can include a cooking chamber, a support tray adapted to hold food in the cooking chamber; and a heating system comprised of at least a heating element. The heating system is adapted to emit waves according to a particular configuration such that the emitted waves is substantially transparent or substantially opaque to the support tray and thus enabling the cooking instrument to select what to heat.