There is herein described energy storage systems. More particularly, there is herein described thermal energy storage systems and use of energy storable material such as phase change material in the provision of heating and/or cooling systems in, for example, domestic dwellings.

A latent heat storage system includes at least one latent heat storage device which contains a storage medium with latent heat, at least one heat pump coupled to the latent heat storage device, at least one extraction circuit which has a first heat carrier medium and with which, during normal operation, in accordance with the intended purpose, heat can be extracted from the storage medium and supplied to the heat pump on the input side, and an extraction heat exchanger which is in contact with the storage medium, wherein the extraction heat exchanger is connected to the extraction circuit. Between the extraction heat exchanger and the heat pump, a coupling device is arranged in a connection line, which at least temporarily supplies a second heat carrier medium, which can be heated by at least one heat source, into a section of the connection line. A method for operating a latent heat storage system is also provided.

A latent heat storage system includes at least one latent heat storage device which contains a storage medium with latent heat, at least one extraction circuit by means of which, in accordance with the intended purpose, heat can be extracted from the storage medium, and at least one regeneration circuit by means of which, in accordance with the intended purpose, heat can be supplied into the storage medium. The at least one latent heat storage device includes at least one extraction heat exchanger which is in contact with the storage medium and can be connected to the extraction circuit, and at least one regeneration arrangement within the storage medium, which can be connected to the regeneration circuit. A coupling device is provided, by which the at least one extraction heat exchanger can be at least temporarily coupled to the at least one regeneration arrangement for common heat extraction from the storage medium or for common heat supply into the storage medium. A corresponding operating method is also provided.

Thermal energy management kits are described herein. A thermal energy management kit described herein includes one or more thermal storage cells. Individual thermal storage cells have a container. The container may be formed from a thermally conductive material and has an interior volume. The thermal storage cell further includes a phase change material disposed within the interior volume of the container. Thermal energy management kits described herein may optionally further include one or more mounting structures.

There is provided a hot water supply system including: a controllable hot water supply outlet having when fully opened a given flowrate; a thermal energy store, containing an energy storage medium comprising a phase change material to store energy as latent heat, that is configured to receive energy from a source of renewable energy; a renewable energy source; the hot water supply system being operable, under the control of the processor, to heat water that is to be supplied to the hot water outlet to a target system supply temperature using a selection of one or more of the renewable energy source, energy from the thermal energy store, and optionally an auxiliary water heater intermediate the thermal energy store and the hot water supply outlet; wherein the thermal energy store has an energy storage capacity, when fully charged, that is sufficient to provide hot water to the hot water outlet, at the given flowrate, and at the target system supply temperature for a period of at least 8 minutes, and preferably at least 10 minutes; wherein the renewable energy source is also configured to provide building heating under control of the processor; the processor being configured to: monitor actual demand for hot water from the hot water supply system; predict future demand for hot water from the hot water supply system based on the monitored actual demand; pre-charge the thermal energy store so that sufficient energy will be stored in the thermal energy store to satisfy the predicted demand; and to temporarily divert heat from the renewable energy source to charge the phase change material rather than to provide building heating. A corresponding method is also provided.

A hot water supply system 400 comprises a cold water inlet 402 coupled to a valve 404 which determines the degree of flow in a first path 406 and a second path 408. The first path comprises an Energy Storage Arrangement including a heat exchanger 410 which can heat the water from the inlet. The second path includes an electrical heater 422 which can also heat water from the inlet. The two paths each include a respective flow sensor 416, 428 and the paths re-join before providing an outlet 420 from the supply system via a temperature sensor 418. A controller 430 controls the valve 404 and the electrical heater 422 in response to the sensor signals to provide hot water at a desired temperature using a suitable proportion of stored energy and electrical energy. By charging the Energy Storage Arrangement using a heat pump, an economical and responsive hot water supply system is provided.

Provided is an energy bank including a heat exchanger, the energy bank comprising an enclosure, and within the enclosure: an input-side circuit of the heat exchanger for connection to an energy source; an output-side circuit of the heat exchanger for connection to an energy sink; and a phase-change material for the storage of energy; the energy bank including one or more sensors to provide measurement data indicative of the amount of energy stored as latent heat in the phase change material, the energy bank comprising an optical source to launch light into the phase change material, and the one or more sensors includes an optical sensing arrangement to detect light launched from the optical source after the light has passed through the phase change material, wherein the optical source and the optical sensing arrangement is configured to give a graduated measure of a plurality of different energy storage states from empty to full.

Also provided are: an installation including such an energy bank coupled between a heat pump and the hot water system, a processor being configured to make a determination to trigger the starting of the heat pump based on measurement data from the sensors; and a method of controlling a heat pump in such an installation, the method comprising using measurement data from the one or more sensors to trigger the starting of the heat pump.

Provided is a method of signalling a command to a water heating appliance remote from a controllable water outlet fed from the appliance via a water supply installation, the method comprising: monitoring the water supply that feeds the controllable water outlet; detecting a sequence of changes in a property or state of the water supply consequent on operation of the controllable water outlet; correlating the sequence of changes with a stored pattern; detecting a match above a stored threshold; interpreting the match as a command. It is thus possible to manipulate a tap, or other controllable water outlet, to signal to a processor so that the temperature or flow rate of water supplied by the outlet can be increased. Thus a water supply system may have default flow and temperature levels designed for economy and low water usage, but a user can on demand override one or both of these limitations without the necessity of needing to go to the appliance to reset it. The water heating appliance is preferably an instantaneous water heating appliance. Also provided is a water supply installation including a water heating appliance, a controllable water outlet remote from the appliance, a water supply line arranged to feed the controllable water outlet with heated water from the appliance, and at least one sensor to sense a property or state of the water supply line, and a processor coupled to the at least one sensor; the processor being configured to detect a sequence of changes in a property or state of the water supply consequent on operation of the controllable water outlet; correlate the sequence of changes with a stored pattern; detect a match above a stored threshold; interpret the match as a command; and take an action in accordance with the command.

A heater arrangement system for a water provision system for controlling a water supply provided to a water outlet, the water outlet being arranged to provide heated water to a user, the heater arrangement system comprising: a water heating device disposed remotely from the water outlet; and a control unit communicatively coupled to the water heating device, the control unit being configured to: receive a request from a user to enable a reduced temperature water supply mode, which provides for heated water to be supplied to the water outlet at a first temperature for a fixed period of time and then provides for the temperature to be lowered to a second temperature once the fixed time has elapsed; and for a user for which the request has been received, upon detecting that the user has opened the water outlet, providing heated water at the first temperature for a first period of time, then reducing the temperature of the heated water from the first temperature to a second temperature lower than the first temperature after the first period of time has elapsed.

A heater arrangement system for a water provision system for controlling a water supply provided to a water outlet, the water outlet being arranged to provide heated water to a user, the heater arrangement system comprising: a water heating device disposed remotely from the water outlet; and a control unit communicatively coupled to the water heating device, the control unit being configured to a) set a timer to begin counting from an initial time value, upon detection that the water outlet has been opened, and b) initiate a warning if an elapsed time of the timer has passed a first threshold time value.