Passive radiative cooling structures and apparatus manufactured with such cooling structures conserve energy needs. A flexible film transparent to visible light incorporates particles at a volume percentage larger than 25% so as to absorb and emit infrared radiation at wavelengths where Earth's atmosphere is transparent. Another film transparent to visible light is thin and flexible and configured to absorb and emit infrared radiation at wavelengths where Earth's atmosphere is transparent, wherein etchings or depositions are present on one or both surfaces. A high efficiency cooling structure has an emissive layer sandwiched between a waveguide layer and a thermal conductive layer. A solar cell panel is covered by a transparent passive radiative cooling film. A container housing an active cooling unit incorporates passive radiative cooling structures on one or more exterior surfaces.

The present disclosure provides a radiative cooling metal plate, a preparation method and application thereof. The radiative cooling metal plate includes a metal substrate, a first adhesive layer and a radiative cooling functional layer stacked in order, the radiative cooling functional layer is located on a surface of the metal substrate, the first adhesive layer is arranged between the metal substrate and the radiative cooling functional layer, and an elongation at break of the radiative cooling functional layer is in a range of 1% to 300%. The radiative cooling functional layer can have sufficient ductility, and can have sufficient deformation to cope with the bending of the radiative cooling functional layer during pressing, such that the radiative cooling functional layer will not be damaged or broken, thereby ensuring the structural integrity of the radiative cooling functional layer and great radiative cooling effect of the metal substrate.

A workstation cooling system includes a radiant panel configured to be disposed in a workstation. The workstation cooling system also includes a water supply conduit configured to provide a cooling water flow to an inlet of the radiant panel and a water return conduit configured to receive the cooling water flow from an outlet of the radiant panel. The workstation cooling system additionally includes a control valve configured to receive control signals to adjust the cooling water flow provided to the radiant panel to enable the radiant panel to absorb heat to maintain a target temperature of the workstation.

A device for realizing a cooling effect in a space comprises: a housing with a heat-conducting wall, which housing bounds a chamber through which air can flow; an air inlet which connects to the chamber and to said place, —an air outlet connecting to the chamber; air transport means for transporting air from the air inlet via the chamber to the air outlet; and moistening means for moistening the inner surface of the wall; this such that air supplied by the air transport means is introduced into the chamber via the air inlet, passes along the moistened inner surface of the wall in the chamber and is discharged from the chamber via the air outlet, whereby the water present on the inner surface of the heat-conducting wall evaporates and is entrained by the air flowing by, and the wall is cooled.

A method for cooling or heating a building is provided. An air flow can be created in an air duct and the air flow can be cooled or heated by an air conditioning system or furnace. The cooled or heated air flow can then pass through a heat exchanger connected to a radiant heating loop running through a floor or slab with a liquid circulating through them. When the airflow is being cooled or heated by the air conditioning system or furnace, the air flow will alter the temperature of the liquid circulating through the heat exchanger herefore the temperature of the slab. When the temperature of the slab varies from the temperature of the building, liquid that has been circulated through the radiant heating loop can be used to alter the temperature of the air flow passing through the heat exchanger.

A panel, for retaining a heating or cooling tube relative to a substrate, has a standoff extending from a primary flap, wherein the standoff includes a tube contacting surface. A lateral fold extends from the standoff and includes a jaw having a tube retaining surface, wherein the tube contacting surface and the tube retaining surface are located to define a tube retaining channel in a closed position of the jaw. The panel can be formed of a single piece of sheet metal, wherein the sheet metal and configuration of the panel bias the jaw to the closed position.

A building envelope for a building wall, floor, or roof of a building, includes at least two shells spaced some distance apart from one another, which encloses an intermediate space therebetween, the shells including an exterior-facing shell configured to face an exterior of the building, and an interior-facing shell configured to face an interior of the building. The shells spaced apart from one another are filled with a building material and optionally include structural reinforcement and supply-engineering elements.

Climate control room includes systems and sensors associated therewith. A further aspect includes programmed software instructions which include obtaining data of a user of the climate control room from the one or more sensors, raising a core body temperature of the user by a predetermined threshold based on the obtained data; and determining whether the core body temperature of the user has been raised by the predetermined threshold for a predetermined time period. The programmed software instructions may also set an ultraviolet light intensity level based on the obtained data.

Various aspects as described herein are directed to a radiative cooling apparatuses and methods for cooling an object. As consistent with one or more embodiments, a radiative cooling apparatus includes an arrangement of a plurality of different material located at different depths along a depth dimension relative to the object. The plurality of different material includes a solar spectrum reflecting portion configured and arranged to suppress light modes, thereby inhibiting coupling of the incoming electromagnetic radiation, of at least some wavelengths in the solar spectrum, to the object at a range of angles of incidence relative to the depth dimension. Further, the plurality of material includes a thermally-emissive arrangement configured and arranged to facilitate, simultaneously with the inhibiting coupling of the incoming electromagnetic radiation, the thermally-generated electromagnetic emissions from the object at the range of angles of incidence and in mid-IR wavelengths.

Purified air is provided, having a TVOC content of from less than 5 ppb to about 500 ppb, a Biologicals content of from less than 1 CFU/M.sup.3 to 150 CFU/M.sup.3 and a Particulate content of from about 1,000 0.3 μm particles per ft.sup.3 to about 50,000 0.3 μm particles per ft.sup.3, or from about 600 0.5 μm particles per ft.sup.3 to about 500,000 0.5 μm particles per ft.sup.3.