Apparatus allowing ventilation through a ventilation shaft to an underground ventilation duct fluidly communicating through the ventilation shaft to an atmospheric opening of the shaft and on threat of flooding operable to prevent downward flow of surface water into the ventilation duct includes support sidewalls fitting in the shaft providing a ventilation passage between support top and bottom openings and a suspension member supported on opposed lateral sidewalls proximate the top opening holding one or more hinge connected panels that manually release to rotationally close the passage and are manually rotationally liftable to a home position allowing ventilation. A releasable latching system between panel and a suspension member holder catches rising panels to hold them in home position ready for release.

Apparatus allowing ventilation through a ventilation shaft to an underground ventilation duct fluidly communicating through the ventilation shaft to an atmospheric opening of the shaft and on threat of flooding operable to prevent downward flow of surface water into the underground ventilation duct includes support sidewalls fitting in the shaft providing a ventilation passage between support top and bottom openings and a suspension member supported on opposed lateral sidewalls unobstructively horizontally spanning the passage proximate the top opening and holding one or more hinge connected panels in the passage that manually release to rotationally close the passage and prevent flooding and are manually rotationally liftable to a home position allowing ventilation. The suspension member is liftingly removable from the support and may include end keys received in keyed supports to allow the suspension member to fit in the supports so a specific panel closes to a specific sidewall.

A process of fabricating a static structure including an interior volume that includes the steps of mixing coal combustible residual (CCR) with structural reinforcing materials to form a construction material and utilizing the construction material to fabricate exterior enclosure-forming components of the static structure. The enclosure-forming components are sufficiently reinforced, enhanced and/or thick to provide protection against exterior forces directed against the structure.

A process of fabricating a static structure including an interior volume that includes the steps of mixing coal combustible residual (CCR) with structural reinforcing materials to form a construction material and utilizing the construction material to fabricate exterior enclosure-forming components of the static structure. The enclosure-forming components are sufficiently reinforced, enhanced and/or thick to provide protection against exterior forces directed against the structure.

A coaxial ventilator (20) exchanges atmosphere between parts of a building (22) that are at differing heights. The coaxial ventilator (20) includes an outer conduit (24) that extends from an upper end (42) thereof downward to a lower end (44) thereof. The outer conduit (24) surrounds an inner conduit (62) that extends substantially the entire length of the outer conduit (24). Both the outer and inner conduits (24, 62) are open at their respective upper ends (42, 66) and lower ends (44, 68). Temperatures of atmosphere both surrounding and within the outer conduit (24) and the inner conduit (62) induce an exchange of atmosphere between the coaxial ventilator (20) and surrounding atmosphere.

A coaxial ventilator (20) exchanges atmosphere between parts of a building (22) that are at differing heights. The coaxial ventilator (20) includes an outer conduit (24) that extends from an upper end (42) thereof downward to a lower end (44) thereof. The outer conduit (24) surrounds an inner conduit (62) that extends substantially the entire length of the outer conduit (24). Both the outer and inner conduits (24, 62) are open at their respective upper ends (42, 66) and lower ends (44, 68). Temperatures of atmosphere both surrounding and within the outer conduit (24) and the inner conduit (62) induce an exchange of atmosphere between the coaxial ventilator (20) and surrounding atmosphere.

An in-line filter rack includes a chamber for housing at least one filter, an inlet opening providing access to the chamber and configured to be coupled to an upstream portion of a return air duct, and an outlet opening providing access to the chamber and configured to be coupled to a downstream portion of the return air duct.

An in-line filter rack includes a chamber for housing at least one filter, an inlet opening providing access to the chamber and configured to be coupled to an upstream portion of a return air duct, and an outlet opening providing access to the chamber and configured to be coupled to a downstream portion of the return air duct.

An air-conditioning duct in a passenger car of transportation which is extended in a vehicle length direction in a ceiling portion of the passenger car utilized by the general public and receives conditioned air from an air-conditioning apparatus regulating a temperature of the air to guide the conditioned air into an inside of the passenger car. The air-conditioning duct in a passenger car has a non-uniform distribution configuration which makes the discharge volume of the conditioned air from the air-conditioning duct into the inside of the passenger car different and non-uniform among the respective regions of the inside of the passenger car.

An air-conditioning duct in a passenger car of transportation which is extended in a vehicle length direction in a ceiling portion of the passenger car utilized by the general public and receives conditioned air from an air-conditioning apparatus regulating a temperature of the air to guide the conditioned air into an inside of the passenger car. The air-conditioning duct in a passenger car has a non-uniform distribution configuration which makes the discharge volume of the conditioned air from the air-conditioning duct into the inside of the passenger car different and non-uniform among the respective regions of the inside of the passenger car.