A heat exchanger includes a pipe made of aluminum, a thermistor, and an attaching portion with which the thermistor is attached to the pipe. The pipe carries a flow of refrigerant. The thermistor detects a temperature of the refrigerant. The pipe includes a sacrificial layer provided on a part of a surface of the pipe. The sacrificial layer is lower in potential than the aluminum of the pipe. The attaching portion is higher in potential than the sacrificial layer. At least one part of the attaching portion is attached to the surface of the pipe where the sacrificial layer is not provided. The attaching portion includes a brazed portion that is higher in potential than the sacrificial layer. The thermistor is attached to the pipe with the brazed portion.

An industrial installation having a primary supply circuit in which cooling water is conveyed and a consumer to which cooling water from the primary supply circuit is provided and which is connected to the primary supply circuit via a secondary supply circuit. An outward flow line of the secondary supply circuit is connected to an outward flow line of the primary supply circuit, and a return flow line of the secondary supply circuit is connected to a return flow line of the primary supply circuit. The outward flow line of the primary supply circuit is connected to a groundwater delivery line of a spring installation which has a groundwater delivery line through which groundwater can be conveyed from an aquifer and can be fed as cooling water into the outward flow line of the primary supply circuit. Also provided is a method for operating an industrial installation wherein the cooling water that is used is naturally occurring groundwater which is obtained from an aquifer with the aid of a spring installation.

The heat-medium cycle circuit includes a discharge mechanism including a discharge valve, the discharge mechanism being configured to, when the discharge valve is open, discharge air present inside the heat-medium cycle circuit to the outside of the heat-medium cycle circuit. The air-conditioning apparatus is configured to execute an air discharge operation mode in which the air present inside the heat-medium cycle circuit is discharged to the outside of the heat-medium cycle circuit. The air discharge operation mode includes a first operation mode, and a second operation mode performed after the first operation mode. The first operation mode is an operation mode in which, with the discharge valve being closed, an operation similar to a cooling operation is performed. The second operation mode is an operation mode in which, with the discharge valve being open, an operation similar to a heating operation is performed.

An HVAC system includes a high-pressure subsystem and a low-pressure subsystem. After determining that refrigerant leak diagnostics should be performed, a controllable valve is closed between a condenser and compressor of the HVAC system. The compressor then operates until a predetermined input refrigerant pressure is reached. After the predetermined input refrigerant pressure is reached, operation of the compressor is stopped. After stopping operation of the compressor and waiting at least a predetermined wait time, the pressure in the low-pressure subsystem of the HVAC system is monitored. A rate of change of the pressure in the low-pressure subsystem is determined. If the rate of change is negative and a magnitude of the rate of change is greater than a threshold value, a leak location is determined to be in the low-pressure subsystem.

An air conditioning heat dissipation structure control method and a system includes the steps obtaining a real-time temperature Te of the heat generating component; if T.sub.e>T.sub.e.sup.d, opening the solenoid valve SV2 and adjusting the electronic expansion valve 4 to a preset initial opening degree; obtaining an update real-time temperature T.sub.e of the heat generating component after a setting time period; if the update real-time temperature T.sub.e>T.sub.max, performing the following steps every set period of time, obtaining a refrigerant temperature refrigerant temperature T.sub.in at the inlet end of the refrigerant heat dissipation pipe and a refrigerant temperature T.sub.out at the outlet end of the refrigerant heat dissipation pipe; calculating a real-time temperature difference ΔT.sub.real-time of the inlet end temperature T.sub.in and the outlet end temperature T.sub.out, wherein ΔT.sub.real-time=T.sub.out−T.sub.in, obtaining a preset target temperature difference ΔT.sub.target and calculating a deviation ΔT.sub.deviation, ΔT.sub.deviation=ΔT.sub.real-time−ΔT.sub.target; calculating a deviation change rate ΔΔT.sub.deviation=ΔT.sub.deviation−ΔT.sub.deviation′, and adjusting the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve based on the deviation ΔT.sub.deviation and the deviation change rate ΔΔT.sub.deviation, enables the temperature difference between the inlet end and the outlet end of the refrigerant heat dissipation pipe reaches the target temperature difference so as to ensure a good heat dissipation effect and keep the heat generating component working in a good condition and also lowers the cost by using refrigerant for transferring heat from the heat generating component. With the method, the reliability and stability of the air conditioning operation are improved, and the problem of poor heat dissipation reliability and high heat dissipation cost in the prior art is solved.

An air conditioning control system includes a casing including paths through which air passes, dampers arranged at an entrance and an exit of each of the paths and operated to open or close the entrance and the exit according to a control signal, a heat and mass exchanger including a hygroscopic material for absorbing moisture and arranged across the paths to be rotated with respect to the casing, a driving unit rotating the heat and mass exchanger, a heat exchange unit having a heat transfer medium flowing inside the heat exchange unit and arranged on at least one of the paths, and a controller opening or closing the entrance and the exit of the paths by applying a control signal to the dampers, and changing a rotation speed of the heat and mass exchanger by applying a control signal to the driving unit, according to operation modes.

An adaptive flow limit controller for controlling a flow rate of a fluid through a heat exchanger includes a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to use an adaptive model to determine a threshold flow rate of the fluid through the heat exchanger at which a gradient of a temperature difference of the fluid across the heat exchanger with respect to the flow rate of the fluid through the heat exchanger has a threshold gradient value. The processing circuit is configured to operate a flow control device to maintain the flow rate of the fluid of through the heat exchanger at less than or equal to the threshold flow rate.

The present invention relates to a device for regulating a heating and/or cooling system serving a building, said system comprising a management system and a generation system, said device being adapted to: receive a main signal from said management system; receive at least one reference signal representative of a desired parameter for said building; receive at least one environmental signal representative of at least one parameter related to said building,
said device being characterized in that it is adapted to: receive a control unit signal representative of a parameter related to the generation system, output a control signal for said generation system,
said control signal being determined on the basis of said main signal, said reference signal, said at least one environmental signal and said control unit signal.

An air conditioner of the present embodiment includes a heat exchanger unit in which an installation position of a suction temperature sensor can be changed and the air conditioner is capable of determining whether the installation position of the suction temperature sensor is correct. During a cooling operation, a heat exchange temperature is lower than a suction temperature, and during a heating operation, the heat exchange temperature is higher than the suction temperature. However, if a suction temperature sensor is incorrectly disposed on a downstream side of a flow of air in an indoor heat exchanger, the suction temperature detected by the suction temperature sensor is a temperature of indoor air after exchanging heat with a refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger, so that the heat exchange temperature and the suction temperature are close to each other regardless of the cooling operation or the heating operation.

Systems, methods, and computer program products for staging chillers in a chiller group. Operational data is collected on chillers in a chiller group, and performance curves indicative of chiller efficiency generated for each chiller based on the operational data. During operation, a current thermal load and a current group efficiency is determined for the chiller group. Estimated group efficiencies are also determined for the chiller group for one or more scenarios in which one or more offline chillers are brought online, online chillers are taken offline, or both online chillers are taken offline and offline chillers are brought online. If the estimated efficiency of the chiller group is higher than the current efficiency for any of the scenarios, chillers in the chiller group are brought online or taken offline so that the chiller group operates in accordance with the most efficient scenario.