There is provided refrigeration system (1) and method for remote cooling of a thermal load having a first portion (27) and a second portion (25). The system comprises a cold source (4) having a first cooling stage (5) and a second cooling stage (6), the temperature of the first cooling stage being higher than the temperature of the second cooling stage. The system also comprises a cryogen circuit for circulation of a cryogen flow in a closed cycle, the closed cycle being thermally coupled to the cold source. The system further comprises a compressor (7) for compressing and circulating the cryogen flow in the cryogen circuit. The cryogen circuit comprises a first conduit for thermally connecting the first cooling stage of the cold source to the first portion of the thermal load so as to cool said first portion towards the temperature of the first cooling stage, and a second conduit for thermally connecting the second cooling stage of the cold source to the second portion of the thermal load so as to cool said second portion to wards the temperature of the second cooling stage. The cryogen flow in the system is a sub-cooled or saturated liquid, two phase, saturated or overheated, supercritical gas helium flow.

An airplane is provided. The airplane includes a pressurized volume and an air conditioning system. The pressurized volume provides a first medium. The air conditioning system includes a heat exchanger and a compressor. The heat exchanger transfers heat from a second medium to the first medium. The compressor receives the second medium. The compressor is upstream of the heat exchanger in a flow path of the second medium.

An airplane is provided. The airplane includes a pressurized volume and an air conditioning system. The pressurized volume provides a first medium. The air conditioning system includes a heat exchanger and a compressor. The heat exchanger transfers heat from a second medium to the first medium. The compressor receives the second medium. The compressor is upstream of the heat exchanger in a flow path of the second medium.

An experimental payload and cryogenic system are provided. An experimental payload including a cryogenic chamber is provided. The cryogenic chamber includes an action chamber configured to be cryogenically cooled to an action temperature. The cryogenic chamber also includes an inner cooling ring cooled via an internal braiding system. The inner cooling ring is configured to operate at a first temperature. The cryogenic chamber further includes an outer ring in communication with the inner cooling ring. The outer ring is configured to absorb heat from the experimental payload. The outer ring defines a second temperature that is greater than the first temperature. The cryogenic chamber also includes a plurality of legs operably coupled to the cryogenic chamber at a top end of each leg. The legs are characterized by a low thermal conductivity and the experimental payload is configured to be attached to a base of a cryocooler.

Systems and methods of continuous cooling at cryogenic temperatures. One exemplary aspect involves a refrigeration system that includes: a chamber adapted to hold liquid and gaseous coolant received from a cooling pot; a first adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the first adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the first adsorption pump is enabled; a second adsorption pump having an inlet end in fluid communication with the chamber, the second adsorption pump configured to capture gas from the liquid and gaseous coolant when the second adsorption pump is enabled; a means for desorbing the gas captured by the first adsorption pump; and a means for desorbing the gas captured by the second adsorption pump.

An air conditioning unit includes: a first refrigeration system including a first evaporator, a first compressor, a first condenser, a first one-way valve, and a first throttling element connected in sequence in a loop as well as a second one-way valve connected in parallel with the first compressor, and a first fluorine pump connected in parallel with the first one-way valve; and a second refrigeration system including a second evaporator, a second compressor, a second condenser, a third one-way valve, and a second throttling element connected in sequence in a loop as well as a fourth one-way valve connected in parallel with the second compressor, and a second fluorine pump connected in parallel with the third one-way valve, where the first evaporator and the second evaporator are arranged front and rear in sequence along a return air cooling duct.

An air conditioning unit includes: a first refrigeration system including a first evaporator, a first compressor, a first condenser, a first one-way valve, and a first throttling element connected in sequence in a loop as well as a second one-way valve connected in parallel with the first compressor, and a first fluorine pump connected in parallel with the first one-way valve; and a second refrigeration system including a second evaporator, a second compressor, a second condenser, a third one-way valve, and a second throttling element connected in sequence in a loop as well as a fourth one-way valve connected in parallel with the second compressor, and a second fluorine pump connected in parallel with the third one-way valve, where the first evaporator and the second evaporator are arranged front and rear in sequence along a return air cooling duct.

There is provided a cryocooler including a first compressor, a second compressor, a cold head that has a high pressure port and a low pressure port, a high pressure line that is configured such that a refrigerant gas is able to flow from the first compressor and the second compressor to the high pressure port of the cold head via a merging portion, the high pressure line including a first high pressure sub-line and a second high pressure sub-line, and a low pressure line that is configured such that the refrigerant gas is able to flow from the low pressure port of the cold head to the first compressor and the second compressor via a diverting portion, the low pressure line including a first low pressure sub-line and a second low pressure sub-line.

Methods, systems, and devices for ultra or extreme-high vacuum are described. Such systems may comprise a vacuum chamber, a target within the vacuum chamber, two or more overlapping radiation shields arranged within an inner vacuum space of a vacuum chamber, and surrounding at least a portion of the target, a first and a second cooling element unit thermally coupled to a first and second radiation shield of the two or more overlapping radiation shields, wherein the first unit is configured to reduce the first radiation shield's temperature to at least <100K, and the second unit is configured to reduce the second radiation shield's temperature to at least <25K, and a third cooling element unit coupled to the target and isolated from the first and second radiation shield, wherein the third cooling element unit is configured to reduce the target's temperature to at least <4K.

Methods, systems, and devices for ultra or extreme-high vacuum are described. Such systems may comprise a vacuum chamber, a target within the vacuum chamber, two or more overlapping radiation shields arranged within an inner vacuum space of a vacuum chamber, and surrounding at least a portion of the target, a first and a second cooling element unit thermally coupled to a first and second radiation shield of the two or more overlapping radiation shields, wherein the first unit is configured to reduce the first radiation shield's temperature to at least <100K, and the second unit is configured to reduce the second radiation shield's temperature to at least <25K, and a third cooling element unit coupled to the target and isolated from the first and second radiation shield, wherein the third cooling element unit is configured to reduce the target's temperature to at least <4K.