A heat exchange device and a cooling system are provided. The heat exchange device includes a low-pressure chamber and a high-pressure chamber disposed in the low-pressure chamber. The low-pressure chamber has a first wall for enabling heat exchange and an output portion in communication with the outside to output the low-pressure fluid. The high-pressure chamber has an input portion in communication with the outside to admit the high-pressure fluid and nozzles in communication with the low-pressure chamber. The fluid discharged from the nozzles undergoes a pressure drop and undergoes heat exchange through the first wall. Cooling capability is developed in the heat exchange device and works in the heat exchange device to thereby dispense with a pipeline which must be otherwise provided to link an expansion process and an evaporation process of the fluid and may otherwise cause cooling capability loss, so as to greatly enhance heat exchange capability and cooling efficiency.

Thermal management systems include an open circuit refrigeration system featuring a first receiver configured to store a gas, a second receiver configured to store a liquid refrigerant fluid, an evaporator configured to extract heat from a heat load that contacts the evaporator, and an exhaust line, where the first receiver, the second receiver, the evaporator, and the exhaust line are connected to provide a refrigerant fluid flow path.

The invention relates to a coolable optical table with a table top and at least three table legs. Securing means for securing objects such as optical elements are provided in a table surface of the table top. The table legs are equipped with a damping device for damping vibrations.

A shipping vessel includes a cryogenic tank secured to the shipping foundation; a payload bay to receive products therein; a tube connected to the cryogenic tank and thermally coupled to the payload bay; a housing secured to the shipping foundation, said housing covering the tube and the payload bay to thermally seal the payload bay from outside environment; a controller mounted on the housing and having a sensor to determine temperature in a closed-loop and maintaining a set point within a predetermined range; and an energy storage device coupled to the controller and electronics to provide power for a predetermined shipping period.

A cooling system includes a coolant transmitter that transmits coolant at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The cooling system also includes an evaporation vessel at atmospheric pressure. The evaporation vessel can contain an amount of coolant at the boiling point of the coolant. The cooling system also includes a pressure reducer fluidically coupled to the coolant transmitter and the evaporation vessel. The pressure reducer can include an orifice. The cooling system is configured such that heat is transferred from the coolant in the coolant transmitter to the coolant contained in the evaporation vessel. An exit stream conduit can fluidically couple the coolant transmitter and the pressure reducer, with the exit stream conduit diverting a portion of the coolant from the coolant transmitter to the evaporation vessel.

A cryostat for a superconducting magnet system is provided. The cryostat may include an outer vessel and an inner vessel suspended within the outer vessel. A space may be defined by the outer vessel and the inner vessel. The cryostat may include multiple first support elements and one or more second support elements. The strength of the first supporting element may be larger than that of the second support elements. The inner vessel and the outer vessel may be connected by two opposite ends of a first support element and two opposite ends of a second support element, respectively. The number of the first support elements in the lower part of the space is different from the number of the first support elements in the upper part of the space.

A cryostat includes a cryogenic refrigerator arranged to cool the interior of a cryogen vessel within the cryostat, the cryogenic refrigerator being arranged inside a refrigerator sock. A pipe is controlled by a passive temperature-sensitive valve to selectively provide a path for cryogen gas flow through the refrigerator sock. The passive temperature-sensitive valve is controlled according to a temperature of the cryogen gas supplied from the refrigerator sock to the passive temperature-sensitive valve.

A system for cooling residential or commercial refrigerators, freezers, ULT freezers, and air conditioners is disclosed using liquified gas as the refrigerant. The system has no HCFCs or CFCs. The system is completely non-polluting and returns the refrigerant air to the environment in a cleaner state than the input air. The system is totally green, obtaining all energy from an array of solar panels and may be operated independently and remotely from all other energy sources. The refrigerant may be liquid air or liquid nitrogen. The system may also operate on-the-grid for power.

A cooling system includes a coolant transmitter that transmits coolant at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The cooling system also includes an evaporation vessel at atmospheric pressure. The evaporation vessel can contain an amount of coolant at the boiling point of the coolant. The cooling system also includes a pressure reducer fluidically coupled to the coolant transmitter and the evaporation vessel. The pressure reducer can include an orifice. The cooling system is configured such that heat is transferred from the coolant in the coolant transmitter to the coolant contained in the evaporation vessel. An exit stream conduit can fluidically couple the coolant transmitter and the pressure reducer, with the exit stream conduit diverting a portion of the coolant from the coolant transmitter to the evaporation vessel.

A cooling system includes a coolant transmitter that transmits coolant at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The cooling system also includes an evaporation vessel at atmospheric pressure. The evaporation vessel can contain an amount of coolant at the boiling point of the coolant. The cooling system also includes a pressure reducer fluidically coupled to the coolant transmitter and the evaporation vessel. The pressure reducer can include an orifice. The cooling system is configured such that heat is transferred from the coolant in the coolant transmitter to the coolant contained in the evaporation vessel. An exit stream conduit can fluidically couple the coolant transmitter and the pressure reducer, with the exit stream conduit diverting a portion of the coolant from the coolant transmitter to the evaporation vessel.