An air conditioner and a method of controlling the same are provided. The air conditioner includes first and second compressors capable of performing multi-stage compression, a condenser for condensing a refrigerant compressed in the first and second compressors, a refrigerant separation device for separating the refrigerant to be injected to the first or second compressor of the refrigerant condensed in the condenser, injection tubes extending from the refrigerant separation device to the first and second compressors to guide injection of the refrigerant, a main expansion device disposed at an outlet-side of the refrigerant separation device to decompress the refrigerant, an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant decompressed in the main expansion device, a valve device disposed at an outlet-side of the first compressor to guide the refrigerant compressed in the first compressor to the condenser or the second compressor, and a bypass tube extending from the valve device to an suction-side of the second compressor.

An air conditioner and a method of controlling the same are provided. The air conditioner includes first and second compressors capable of performing multi-stage compression, a condenser for condensing a refrigerant compressed in the first and second compressors, a refrigerant separation device for separating the refrigerant to be injected to the first or second compressor of the refrigerant condensed in the condenser, injection tubes extending from the refrigerant separation device to the first and second compressors to guide injection of the refrigerant, a main expansion device disposed at an outlet-side of the refrigerant separation device to decompress the refrigerant, an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant decompressed in the main expansion device, a valve device disposed at an outlet-side of the first compressor to guide the refrigerant compressed in the first compressor to the condenser or the second compressor, and a bypass tube extending from the valve device to an suction-side of the second compressor.

A refrigeration system includes a subcooler configured to provide subcooling for a liquid refrigerant flowing through a first side of the subcooler by transferring heat from the liquid refrigerant to a gas refrigerant flowing through a second side of the subcooler. An expansion valve is located at an inlet of the second side of the subcooler and configured to control a flow of the gas refrigerant through the second side of the subcooler. A gas temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor are configured to measure a temperature and pressure of the gas refrigerant. A liquid temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the subcooled liquid refrigerant. A controller is configured to calculate a superheat of the gas refrigerant based on the measured temperature and measured pressure of the gas refrigerant and may compare the calculated superheat to a superheat threshold. If the calculated superheat is less than the superheat threshold, the controller may close the expansion valve. If the calculated superheat is equal to or greater than the superheat threshold, the controller may operate the expansion valve using a feedback control technique to drive the temperature of the subcooled liquid refrigerant to a subcooled liquid temperature setpoint.

A refrigeration system includes a subcooler configured to provide subcooling for a liquid refrigerant flowing through a first side of the subcooler by transferring heat from the liquid refrigerant to a gas refrigerant flowing through a second side of the subcooler. An expansion valve is located at an inlet of the second side of the subcooler and configured to control a flow of the gas refrigerant through the second side of the subcooler. A gas temperature sensor and a gas pressure sensor are configured to measure a temperature and pressure of the gas refrigerant. A liquid temperature sensor is configured to measure a temperature of the subcooled liquid refrigerant. A controller is configured to calculate a superheat of the gas refrigerant based on the measured temperature and measured pressure of the gas refrigerant and may compare the calculated superheat to a superheat threshold. If the calculated superheat is less than the superheat threshold, the controller may close the expansion valve. If the calculated superheat is equal to or greater than the superheat threshold, the controller may operate the expansion valve using a feedback control technique to drive the temperature of the subcooled liquid refrigerant to a subcooled liquid temperature setpoint.

For creating a storage unit comprising a container housing enclosing a storage volume for receiving freight and a gaseous medium surrounding said freight, said storage unit further comprising a tempering system provided with a tempering unit associated with said storage volume for maintaining a flow of said gaseous medium circulating in said storage volume and passing through said tempering unit in order to be maintained at a defined or set temperature, said tempering unit comprising an internal heat exchanger arranged in said flow of gaseous medium passing through said tempering unit, said tempering system being provided with a refrigerant circuit comprising said internal heat exchanger, an external heat exchanger exposed to ambient air surrounding said container housing which operates reliably and cost efficient under the aforementioned condition, as well as a compressor unit for compressing refrigerant, and said tempering system being further provided with an engine for driving said compressor unit in an independent power source mode and said tempering system being further provided with an electric motor/generator unit mechanically coupled to said compressor unit, and said compressor unit and said motor/generator unit being commonly driven by said engine in said independent power source mode.

For creating a storage unit comprising a container housing enclosing a storage volume for receiving freight and a gaseous medium surrounding said freight, said storage unit further comprising a tempering system provided with a tempering unit associated with said storage volume for maintaining a flow of said gaseous medium circulating in said storage volume and passing through said tempering unit in order to be maintained at a defined or set temperature, said tempering unit comprising an internal heat exchanger arranged in said flow of gaseous medium passing through said tempering unit, said tempering system being provided with a refrigerant circuit comprising said internal heat exchanger, an external heat exchanger exposed to ambient air surrounding said container housing which operates reliably and cost efficient under the aforementioned condition, as well as a compressor unit for compressing refrigerant, and said tempering system being further provided with an engine for driving said compressor unit in an independent power source mode and said tempering system being further provided with an electric motor/generator unit mechanically coupled to said compressor unit, and said compressor unit and said motor/generator unit being commonly driven by said engine in said independent power source mode.

Abstract: Heat exchanger, in particular condenser, comprises two parallel end closing plates (1, 2) having made a coolant inlet and outlet and at least one inlet and an outlet of the refrigerant. A heat exchange unit is provided between the closing plates (1, 2) and at least one coolant compartment and at least one refrigerant compartment, separated by an inner plate (5). The coolant compartments and, refrigerant compartments are arranged alternately and connected such that they form together with said inlets and outlets separated hydraulic circuits for the coolant and refrigerant and a turbulator panel (3, 4) is arranged in each of the compartments (3, 4). The turbulator panels (3) of the refrigerant circuit comprise on their surface first disturbing elements (9) the shape of which is matched to the physical properties of the gaseous refrigerant, and which determine the height of the turbulator panel of the refrigerant circuit, while the turbulator panels (4) of the coolant circuit comprise on their surface second disturbing elements (10) the shape of which is matched to the physical properties of the liquid coolant which determine the height of the turbulator panel of the coolant circuit, wherein the shape of the first disturbing elements (9) is different from the shape of the second disturbing elements (10). The shape of the turbulator panels (3, 4) is matched to the independent optimal managing, slowing down and disturbing of the refrigerant and the coolant, while ensuring a low pressure drop of their flow to achieve a high heat exchange coefficient.

Abstract: Heat exchanger, in particular condenser, comprises two parallel end closing plates (1, 2) having made a coolant inlet and outlet and at least one inlet and an outlet of the refrigerant. A heat exchange unit is provided between the closing plates (1, 2) and at least one coolant compartment and at least one refrigerant compartment, separated by an inner plate (5). The coolant compartments and, refrigerant compartments are arranged alternately and connected such that they form together with said inlets and outlets separated hydraulic circuits for the coolant and refrigerant and a turbulator panel (3, 4) is arranged in each of the compartments (3, 4). The turbulator panels (3) of the refrigerant circuit comprise on their surface first disturbing elements (9) the shape of which is matched to the physical properties of the gaseous refrigerant, and which determine the height of the turbulator panel of the refrigerant circuit, while the turbulator panels (4) of the coolant circuit comprise on their surface second disturbing elements (10) the shape of which is matched to the physical properties of the liquid coolant which determine the height of the turbulator panel of the coolant circuit, wherein the shape of the first disturbing elements (9) is different from the shape of the second disturbing elements (10). The shape of the turbulator panels (3, 4) is matched to the independent optimal managing, slowing down and disturbing of the refrigerant and the coolant, while ensuring a low pressure drop of their flow to achieve a high heat exchange coefficient.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward systems and method for cooling a refrigerant flow of a refrigerant circuit with a cool water flow from a cool water storage to generate a warm water flow and to cool the refrigerant flow by a subcooling temperature difference, flowing the warm water flow to the cool water storage, and thermally isolating the warm water flow from the cool water flow in the cool water storage.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward systems and method for cooling a refrigerant flow of a refrigerant circuit with a cool water flow from a cool water storage to generate a warm water flow and to cool the refrigerant flow by a subcooling temperature difference, flowing the warm water flow to the cool water storage, and thermally isolating the warm water flow from the cool water flow in the cool water storage.