A refrigeration system includes a heat exchanger including a heat exchanger inlet and a heat exchanger outlet, an evaporator including an evaporator inlet and an evaporator outlet, a first circulation pump including a first circulation pump inlet fluidly coupled to the heat exchanger outlet and a first circulation pump outlet, a second circulation pump including a second circulation pump inlet and a second circulation pump outlet, a leakage pump including a leakage pump inlet and a leakage pump outlet, and a pressure exchanger (PX). The PX includes a first PX inlet fluidly coupled to the first circulation pump outlet and the leakage pump outlet, a first PX outlet fluidly coupled to the heat exchanger inlet, a second PX inlet fluidly coupled to the evaporator outlet, and a second PX outlet fluidly coupled to the leakage pump inlet and the second circulation pump inlet.

An energy recovery apparatus, for use in a refrigeration system, comprises a first nozzle, a second nozzle, a turbine, a discharge port, and a housing. The first nozzle comprises a first passageway which is adapted to constitute a portion of a refrigerant flow path when the refrigeration system is operated in a first mode. The second nozzle comprises a second conduit which is adapted to constitute a portion of the flow path when the refrigeration system is operated in a second mode. The turbine is positioned to be driven by refrigerant discharged from either or both of the first and second passageways. The discharge port is adapted to permit refrigerant to flow out of the energy recovery apparatus. The discharge port of the energy recovery apparatus is downstream of the turbine. The turbine is within the housing.

A gas refrigerating machine comprising: an input (2) for gas; a recuperator (10); a compressor (40) having a compressor input (41), the compressor input (41) being coupled to a first recuperator output (12); a heat exchanger (60); a turbine (70); and a gas output (5), wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured as open system, and wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured such that a working medium in at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator (10), the compressor (40), the heat exchanger (60) and the turbine (70), is the gas, and wherein the input (2) is arranged at a first portion of a housing (100) of the gas refrigerating machine where the input (2) and the gas output (5) are configured, wherein the gas output (5) is arranged at a second portion of the housing (100) of the gas refrigerating machine, and wherein the first portion is arranged above the second portion in an operating direction in which the gas refrigerating machine is set up for an operation of the gas refrigerating machine.

A gas refrigerating machine having: an input for gas to be cooled; a recuperator; a compressor having a compressor input coupled to a first recuperator output; a heat exchanger; a turbine; and a gas output, wherein the gas refrigerating ma-chine has a housing in the wall of which the input for gas to be cooled is located and in the wall of which the gas output is located, the recuperator, the compressor, the turbine and the heat exchanger arranged in the housing, and the gas refrigerating machine formed as an open system, wherein the input for gas is located in a region to be cooled and the gas output is located in the region to be cooled to suck warm gas from the region to be cooled via the input for gas and to discharge cold gas into the region to be cooled via the gas output.

A dual rail heat pump cycle includes a low-temperature heat source; a two stage, high-temperature heat exchange process through which, in operation, heat is exchanged with a thermal medium; and a working fluid circuit. The working fluid circuit includes an expansion process; a compression process; a recuperation process, and a pair of parallel flow paths. The recuperation process is interposed between the expansion process and the compression process and has a high-pressure side defined by the compression process and a low pressure side defined by the expansion process. The pair of parallel flow paths between the recuperation process and the high-temperature heat exchange process on the high-pressure side of the recuperation process.

A cryocooler includes an expander provided with an expander motor including a motor rotary shaft, a displacer that changes a volume of an expansion space of a working gas by reciprocating linearly by the motor rotation shaft rotating, and a rotary valve that controls intake and exhaust of the working gas into the expansion space by rotating by the motor rotation shaft rotating, a pressure sensor that measures a pressure of the working gas and outputs a measurement signal indicating the measured pressure, and a controller that receives the measurement signal, detects a feature point appearing periodically in the measured pressure during an operation of the cryocooler, acquires a motor drive waveform indicating a command rotation speed of the motor rotary shaft determined to vary within one rotation of the motor rotary shaft, and outputs the motor drive waveform in synchronization with the feature point appearing periodically.

A gas refrigerating machine comprising: an input for gas; a recuperator; a compressor having a compressor input, the compressor input being coupled to a first recuperator output; a heat exchanger; a turbine; and a gas output, wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured as open system, and wherein the gas refrigerating machine is configured such that a working medium in at least one element of the group of elements comprising the recuperator, the compressor, the heat exchanger and the turbine, is the gas, and wherein the input is arranged at a first portion of a housing of the gas refrigerating machine where the input and the gas output are configured, wherein the gas output is arranged at a second portion of the housing of the gas refrigerating machine, and wherein the first portion is arranged above the second portion in an operating direction in which the gas refrigerating machine is set up for an operation of the gas refrigerating machine.

A gas refrigerating machine having: an input for gas; a recuperator including a first recuperator input, a first recuperator output, a second recuperator input, and a second recuperator output; a compressor having a compressor input and a compressor output, the compressor input being coupled to the first recuperator output; a heat exchanger having a first heat exchanger input and a first heat exchanger output on a primary side of the heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger input and a second heat exchanger output on a secondary side of the heat exchanger, wherein the first heat exchanger input is coupled to the compressor output, and wherein the first heat exchanger output is coupled to the second recuperator input; a turbine having a turbine input and a turbine output, wherein the turbine input is connected to the second recuperator output, and wherein the gas output is coupled to the turbine output.

A gas refrigerating machine comprising: an input for a gas to be cooled; a recuperator comprising a first recuperator output; a compressor comprising a compressor input, the compressor input being coupled to the first recuperator output; a heat exchanger; a turbine; a gas output; and a housing, wherein the housing comprises a wall, wherein the input for the gas to be cooled is located in the wall, wherein the gas output is located in the wall, and wherein the recuperator, the compressor, the turbine and the heat exchanger are arranged in the housing.