Air conditioning temperature measurement device for use with a valve actuated refrigerant recharge assembly operates in conjunction with a pressurized refrigerant bottle and a-remote temperature sensor enabled by radio frequency (RF) wireless communication. Sampled temperatures at an output vent of an air-conditioned cabin and rate of temperature change at the inlet modulate recharge of refrigerant into low pressure side of a phase change A/C control system. Automated sensing of the rate of temperature change in an air conditioner outlet vent, and modulation of refrigerant refill rate, ensure sufficient refrigerant is introduced to improve cooling efficiency while overfill is prevented by refrigerant valve control as rate of temperature change approaches a parabolic minimum. System controls for insufficient change in absolute temperature and inverted relationship in rate of temperature change to prevent recharge of unstable air conditioning system, thereby limiting the discharge of gases that contribute to greenhouse gas accumulation in the upper atmosphere.

A refrigerant metering system/method incorporating a manual expansion valve (MEV), condenser isolation valve (CIV), flow isolation valve (FIV), and evaporator isolation valve (EIV) is disclosed. The MEV is configured to replace a conventional automated expansion valve (AEV) that controls a refrigerant flow valve (RFV) that is positioned in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system between a refrigerant condenser coil (RCC) and a refrigerant evaporator coil (REC) and permits manual metering of refrigerant by the RFV from the RCC to the REC and also allows complete shutoff of refrigerant flow by the RFV from the RCC to the REC. The MEV allows rapid HVAC repair and restoration of service where a replacement AEV is not readily available. The CIV/FIV/EIV are positioned in the refrigerant flow lines to permit the AEV and/or REC to be isolated from HVAC refrigerant flow for repairs to the AEV and/or REC.

A refrigerant metering system/method incorporating a manual expansion valve (MEV), condenser isolation valve (CIV), flow isolation valve (FIV), and evaporator isolation valve (EIV) is disclosed. The MEV is configured to replace a conventional automated expansion valve (AEV) that controls a refrigerant flow valve (RFV) that is positioned in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system between a refrigerant condenser coil (RCC) and a refrigerant evaporator coil (REC) and permits manual metering of refrigerant by the RFV from the RCC to the REC and also allows complete shutoff of refrigerant flow by the RFV from the RCC to the REC. The MEV allows rapid HVAC repair and restoration of service where a replacement AEV is not readily available. The CIV/FIV/EIV are positioned in the refrigerant flow lines to permit the AEV and/or REC to be isolated from HVAC refrigerant flow for repairs to the AEV and/or REC.

A refrigerant metering system/method incorporating a manual expansion valve (MEV), condenser isolation valve (CIV), flow isolation valve (FIV), and evaporator isolation valve (EIV) is disclosed. The MEV is configured to replace a conventional automated expansion valve (AEV) that controls a refrigerant flow valve (RFV) that is positioned in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system between a refrigerant condenser coil (RCC) and a refrigerant evaporator coil (REC) and permits manual metering of refrigerant by the RFV from the RCC to the REC and also allows complete shutoff of refrigerant flow by the RFV from the RCC to the REC. The MEV allows rapid HVAC repair and restoration of service where a replacement AEV is not readily available. The CIV/FIV/EIV are positioned in the refrigerant flow lines to permit the AEV and/or REC to be isolated from HVAC refrigerant flow for repairs to the AEV and/or REC.

A refrigerant metering system/method incorporating a manual expansion valve (MEV), condenser isolation valve (CIV), flow isolation valve (FIV), and evaporator isolation valve (EIV) is disclosed. The MEV is configured to replace a conventional automated expansion valve (AEV) that controls a refrigerant flow valve (RFV) that is positioned in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system between a refrigerant condenser coil (RCC) and a refrigerant evaporator coil (REC) and permits manual metering of refrigerant by the RFV from the RCC to the REC and also allows complete shutoff of refrigerant flow by the RFV from the RCC to the REC. The MEV allows rapid HVAC repair and restoration of service where a replacement AEV is not readily available. The CIV/FIV/EIV are positioned in the refrigerant flow lines to permit the AEV and/or REC to be isolated from HVAC refrigerant flow for repairs to the AEV and/or REC.

The disclosure relates to an ex vivo generated population of educated macrophages specific to LPS and methods of making and using such macrophages.

A refrigeration servicing system includes an apparatus and user equipment in electronic communication with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a body having a first end and a second end, wherein a passage extends within the body from the first end to the second end. A recess is formed within the body at the second end. The body comprises an inlet at the first end configured to directly engage with a portion of the refrigeration system, a conduit in fluid communication with the inlet, and a plunger. The conduit and plunger are each positioned in the passage. The apparatus also includes a housing at least partially positioned in the recess and in fluid communication with the conduit. The housing includes a sensor configured to directly contact the fluid and measure a parameter of the fluid. A method of servicing a refrigeration system is also provided.

An air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit that is formed of an outdoor unit and an indoor unit connected through indoor/outdoor connection pipes. The outdoor unit includes a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, and an expansion valve. The indoor unit includes an indoor heat exchanger. Combustible refrigerant is used as refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circuit. The outdoor unit includes a refrigerant filling-dedicated connection port to fill the refrigerant and an evacuation-dedicated connection port to evacuate the refrigerant inside the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant filling-dedicated connection port is provided inside a machine chamber that accommodates the compressor and the expansion valve, and the evacuation-dedicated connection port is provided outside the machine chamber.

A refrigerant can tap with a tap body having an inlet and an outlet, an internal pin, a gasket, and a backflow preventer. The inlet and outlet of the tap body have a one-half inch ACME left-handed thread, the inlet for engaging the self-sealing valve of an R-1234yf can.

The present invention relates to a service valve including a service valve unit 100 with a valve handle 137 exposed to the outside and a fitting device 200 provided with a fitting housing 120 coupled to the service valve unit 100 at one end of the fitting housing, and more particularly, the present invention provides the service valve including the fitting device, characterized in that the fitting housing 120 includes an outer thread formed by a predetermined length on an outer ring at the other end of the fitting housing, and a first inner boss protruding from the other end at a predetermined depth, in addition, the fitting device 200 includes: a cap handle 50 screwed to the outer thread of the fitting housing 120; a ring lock washer spring 25 seated on the first inner boss; and a sleeve 35 fitted into an inner bore of the other end and interposed between the ring lock washer spring 25 and the cap handle 50, wherein the sleeve 35 moves and presses the ring lock washer spring 25 by rotation of the cap handle 50 to expand a diameter of the inner bore, so as to dismantle a pipe 165 previously inserted in the fitting device 200.