By fluorinating 1,2,3,3-tetrachloro-1-propene (1230xd) using hydrogen fluoride as a fluorinating agent, an efficient method for producing 1,2-dichloro-3,3-difluoro-1-propene (1232xd) is provided. Through this composition including 1232xd, there are also provided an environmentally friendly composition having excellent ability to dissolve various organic matters, a method for cleaning an article using the composition, a method for producing a lubricant solution using the composition, and a method for producing a component provided with a lubricant coating film.

The air conditioning system with solar-powered subcooling system includes a main cooling system having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve configured to operate in a conventional vapor compression refrigerant cycle. The subcooling system includes a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve, the compressor being powered by at least one rechargeable battery connected to a photovoltaic solar panel. The main system and the subcooling system are linked by a heat exchanger having a primary coil in the main system between the condenser and the expansion valve and a secondary coil in the subcooling system disposed between the expansion valve and the compressor. The main system and the subcooling system may use the same type of refrigerant, or different refrigerant types. The additional cooling provided to the refrigerant in the main system by subcooling increases the efficiency of the air conditioning system.

An air conditioning apparatus includes utilization-side units each including a first refrigerant circuit, a heat source-side unit including a second refrigerant circuit, a connection pipe group, and a relay unit. The relay unit is disposed between the first refrigerant circuit and the second refrigerant circuit, and blocks a flammable refrigerant flowing through the connection pipe group. The utilization-side units are disposed in a utilization-side unit group that is a group of two or more utilization-side units. The relay unit blocks a flow of the refrigerant between the first refrigerant circuit and the second refrigerant circuit. The connection pipe group connects the first refrigerant circuit and the refrigerant shut-off unit. The connection pipe group has one or both of a length and an internal volume, which is fixed based on information on capabilities of the two utilization-side units.

A refrigeration apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit including: a compressor, a radiator, an expansion mechanism, and an evaporator. The refrigerant circuit encloses a refrigerant that contains a fluorinated hydrocarbon that causes a disproportionation reaction. The refrigerant circuit further includes: a discharged refrigerant recovery receiver that is connected to a path between a discharge side of the compressor and a gas side of the radiator through a discharged refrigerant branch pipe; and a discharged refrigerant relief mechanism that is disposed in the discharged refrigerant branch pipe and that connects the discharge side of the compressor with the discharged refrigerant recovery receiver when the refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor satisfies a predetermined condition. The predetermined condition includes at least one of a first condition under which the refrigerant does not yet cause the disproportionation reaction and a second condition under which the refrigerant causes the disproportionation reaction.

Provided is a composition that contains a fluoroethylene having one or more fluorine atoms, the composition having excellent stability of the fluoroethylene. The fluoroethylene composition of the present disclosure contains a fluoroethylene having one or more fluorine atoms, water, and oxygen, the composition having a water content of 100 mass ppm or less based on the mass of the fluoroethylene, and an oxygen content of 0.35 mol % or less based on the fluoroethylene. The fluoroethylene composition has excellent stability of fluoroethylene.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition in which disproportionation of a refrigerant is suppressed, a heat cycle system using the composition, and a method for suppressing a disproportionation reaction of a refrigerant. A composition comprising a refrigerant and a refrigeration oil, the refrigerant comprising at least one refrigerant selected from the group consisting of HFO-1141, HFO-1132(E/Z), HFO-1132a, HFO-1123, and FO-1114, the refrigeration oil having a contact angle with a substrate of 0.1°≤Θ≤90°, the substrate comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of engineering plastics, organic films, inorganic films, glass, and metals.

A heat pump apparatus includes: a refrigerant circuit which circulates refrigerant; a heat medium circuit which makes a heat medium flow; a heat exchanger which cause heat exchange to be performed between the refrigerant and the heat medium; and an indoor unit which houses at least the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a double-wall structure. The indoor unit includes a container which houses the heat exchanger. In the container, a first opening port is formed to communicate with an outdoor space without communicating with an indoor space.

An ice making machine having a refrigeration system designed for hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants, and particularly propane (R-290), that includes dual independent refrigeration systems and a unique evaporator assembly comprising of a single freeze plate attached to two cooling circuits. The serpentines are designed in an advantageous pattern that promotes efficiency by ensuring the even bridging of ice during freezing and minimizing unwanted melting during harvest by providing an even distribution of the heat load. The charge limitations imposed with flammable refrigerants would otherwise prevent large capacity ice maker from being properly charged with a single circuit. The ice making machine includes a single water circuit and control system.

The refrigeration cycle apparatus (1) includes a refrigerant circuit (2) that includes a flow channel (29a) through which a refrigerant in a liquid single-phase state flows, and a filter member (35) that is provided in the flow channel (29a) and that captures acid contained in the refrigerant, which passes through the flow channel.

The present invention relates to fluoroolefin compositions. The fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention are useful as refrigerants or heat transfer fluids and in processes for producing cooling or heat. Additionally, the fluoroolefin compositions of the present invention may be used to replace currently used refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions that have higher global warming potential.