Apparatus and methods are disclosed for vibration-free cryogenic cooling, suitable for TEM and other analytic equipment. A thermal battery includes one or more of: a cryocooler, a thermal switch, a thermal cold storage reservoir, and a cold finger. The thermal reservoir is mounted outside a sample chamber. The cold finger provides thermal coupling between the reservoir and a sample holder inside the sample chamber. In varying embodiments, sample holder and sample temperatures are regulated by a heater or by an inline variable thermal resistor. Cyclic phased operation includes cooling the reservoir, decoupling the cryocooler from the reservoir, and temperature-regulated passive vibration-free thermal energy extraction from sample to reservoir. The described system delivers a stand time of 12 hours at 20 K. Temperature regulation, a hybrid thermal switch, damping of thermal fluctuations, and material selection are described.

A cryogenic apparatus (10) includes an enclosure (12), a first thermo-mechanical cooler (20) and a second thermo-mechanical cooler (22) which project into the enclosure (12), at least the second thermo-mechanical cooler (22) being a two-stage cooler, and each cooler (20, 22) having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for each stage, and a helium gas extraction flow duct (40) which extends into the enclosure (12) and which communicates with a vessel (42) to contain liquid helium within the enclosure (12). There is a first heat exchanger (62) within the gas flow duct (40). A first duct (74) carries cold helium gas from a fluid outlet (73) of the first thermo-mechanical cooler (20) and through the first heat exchanger (62) to the fluid inlet (75) of the second stage of the second thermo-mechanical cooler (22).

A cryogenic cooling system includes a gas circulation source; a cryocooler that cools a cooling gas; a cooling gas flow path that causes a cooling gas to flow from the gas circulation source to the object to be cooled; and a control device that controls the gas circulation source so as to execute initial cooling of the object to be cooled according to a prescribed flow rate pattern. The prescribed flow rate pattern is predetermined such that the cooling gas flows through the cooling gas flow path at a first average flow rate, and the cooling gas flows through the cooling gas flow path at a second average flow rate. The second average flow rate is smaller than the first average flow rate such that the cooling capacity of the cryogenic cooling system is increased.

A vacuum adiabatic body includes a first plate; a second plate; a seal; a support; a heat resistance unit; and an exhaust port, wherein the heat resistance unit includes a conductive resistance sheet having one end connected to the first plate member, the conductive resistance sheet resisting heat conduction flowing along a wall for the third space, the heat resistance unit further includes a side frame connected to the conductive resistance sheet, the side frame defining at least one portion of the wall for the third space, the side frame includes a first mounting surface connected to the conductive resistance sheet and a second mounting surface connected to the second plate, and the second mounting surface is supported by the support.

An ejector-based cryogenic refrigeration system for cold energy recovery includes a first cryogenic refrigeration loop connected by a helium compressor and a cryogenic refrigerator and a second cryogenic refrigeration loop connected by the helium compressor, a regenerator, an ejector, a cold head of the cryogenic refrigerator, an end to be cooled and a pressure regulating valve. The cryogenic refrigerator is separated from the end to be cooled. The cryogenic refrigerator and the cryogenic helium cooling loop share a helium compressor, which improves the utilization efficiency of the device and reduces the cost. The ejector allows a part of fluids to circulate in the cryogenic loop, so as to maintain a required cryogenic condition, recover the pressure of the fluids, reduce the gas flowing though the compressor loop, and thus reduce the power consumption of the compressor.

A vacuum adiabatic body includes a first plate; a second plate; a seal; a support; a heat resistance unit; and an exhaust port, wherein the heat resistance unit includes a conductive resistance sheet connected to at least one of the first and second plates, the conductive resistance sheet resisting heat conduction flowing along a wall for the third space, the conductive resistance sheet includes a mounting part mounted on the first or second plate and a curved part having at least one portion depressed into the third space, a coupler that fixes the conductive resistance sheet to the first or second plate is formed on the mounting part, and the curved part includes a first curved part depressed toward the third space and a second curved part extending from the first curved part, the second curved part surrounding an edge portion of the first or second plate.

A superconducting magnet system and a cyclotron using the same. The superconducting magnet system includes a cryogenic device, a superconducting device and a protecting module. The cryogenic device includes a refrigerating machine and a cryogenic container assembly. The cryogenic container assembly includes a first container end, a connecting tube and a second container end. The first container end is communicated with the second container end through the connecting tube. The superconducting device includes a superconducting coil arranged in the first container end and immersed in a liquid or gaseous cooling medium. The protecting module is connected to the superconducting coil and is configured to protect the superconducting coil if the superconducting coil suffers a quench.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a cryogenic micro-zone connection assembly for a substrate support assembly suitable for use in cryogenic applications. In one or more embodiments, the cryogenic micro-zone connection assembly has a first end having a micro-zone connector. A second end has a socket connection. A flange is disposed between the micro-zone connector and the socket connection. And a wiring harness is coupled at the first end to the micro-zone connector, extends through the flange and is coupled at the second end to the socket connection.

A vacuum adiabatic body includes a first plate; a second plate; a seal; a support; and an exhaust port, wherein an extension tab extending toward the third space to be coupled to the support is provided to at least one of the first and second plates, and the extension tab extends downward from an edge portion of the at least one of the first and second plates.

A cryogenic cooling system is provided comprising: a cooled plate (2) thermally coupled to a cryogenic refrigerator (9), a heat switch assembly and a target assembly (5). The target assembly (5) comprises a target refrigerator (12) configured to obtain a lower base temperature than the cryogenic refrigerator (9). The heat switch assembly (18) comprises one or more gas gap heat switches, the heat switch assembly (18) having a first end thermally coupled to the cooled plate (2) and a second end thermally coupled to the target assembly (5). A sorption pump (22) is provided for controlling the thermal conductivity across the heat switch assembly (18) in accordance with the temperature of the sorption pump (22) The sorption pump (22) is thermally coupled to the cryogenic refrigerator (9), by a thermal link (46) extending from the cooled plate (2) to the heat switch assembly (18). The sorption pump (22) is arranged at a position along the thermal link (46) between the heat switch assembly 18 and the cooled plate (2).