A system for removing nitrogen from a natural gas fluid feed stream includes a main heat exchanger that receives the natural gas fluid feed stream. A distillation column receives a cooled fluid stream from the main heat exchanger and features a return vapor outlet and a side vapor outlet port. The return vapor outlet provides nitrogen vapor to the main heat exchanger which is warmed therein. The side vapor outlet port provides vapor to the main heat exchanger and a reflux compressor receives and compresses the resulting fluid from the main heat exchanger. A reflux aftercooler receives and cools fluid from the reflux compressor, directs cooled fluid to the main heat exchanger and the resulting fluid is directed to a reflux separation device. The reflux separation device has a vapor outlet and a liquid outlet. The vapor outlet of the reflux separation device directs fluid to the main heat exchanger so that fluid is directed to the first reflux inlet port of the distillation column. The liquid outlet of the reflux separation device directs fluid to a second reflux inlet port of the distillation column.

Techniques for providing carbon dioxide include generating thermal energy, an exhaust fluid, and electrical power from a power plant; providing the exhaust fluid and the generated electrical power to an exhaust fluid scrubbing system to separate components of the exhaust fluid; capturing heat from a source of heat of an industrial process in a heating fluid; transferring the heat of the industrial process captured in the heating fluid to a carbon dioxide source material of a direct air capture (DAC) system; providing the generated electrical power from the power plant to the DAC system; providing the thermal energy from the power plant to the DAC system; and separating, with the transferred portion of the heat of the industrial process and the provided thermal energy, carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source material of the DAC system.

Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for processing liquefied natural gas (LNG). In one implementation, a dry feed gas is received. The dry feed gas is chilled with clean vapor from a heavies removal column to form a chilled feed gas. The chilled feed gas is partially condensed into a vapor phase and a liquid phase. The liquid phase retains freezing components. The freezing components are extracted using a reflux stream in the heavies removal column. The freezing components are removed as a condensate. The vapor phase is compressed into a clean feed gas. The clean feed gas is free of the freezing components for downstream liquefaction.

Systems and processes for detecting leaks into a refrigeration system having a heat exchanger where the process side is configured to operate at a higher pressure than the refrigerant side. The system includes a refrigerant circulation system including a refrigerant feed pipe fluidly connected to and configured to provide a refrigerant to an inlet of the refrigerant side of the heat exchanger, as well as a refrigerant effluent pipe fluidly connected to and configured to receive a refrigerant from an outlet of the refrigerant side of the heat exchanger. One or more sensors are provided, the sensors being configured to measure a property of the refrigerant, such as temperature, pressure, or flow rate, for example. Additionally, the system for detecting leaks includes a digital control system configured to provide an alert when a signal from at least one of the one or more sensors is indicative of a leak from the process side of the heat exchanger to the refrigerant side of the heat exchanger.

Process for efficiently operating a natural gas liquefaction system with integrated heavies removal/natural gas liquids recovery to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) and/or natural gas liquids (NGL) products with varying characteristics, such as, for example higher heating value (HHV) and/or propane content. Resulting LNG and/or NGL products are capable of meeting the significantly different specifications of two or more markets.

In a process for the combined production of a) a hydrogen-enriched gas and a carbon monoxide-enriched gas and/or b) a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by cryogenic distillation and scrubbing, a still liquor is extracted from a scrubbing column and sent to a stripping column, a still liquor is extracted from the stripping column and sent to a separating column for carbon monoxide and methane and a cooling fluid is used at a pressure greater than that of the head of the separating column for cooling at least one fluid extracted at an intermediate level from the scrubbing column.

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

A process for producing liquefied natural gas and liquid carbon dioxide from a natural gas feed gas comprising at least the following steps: Separation of a natural gas feed gas into a CO.sub.2-enriched gas stream and a natural gas stream; Cooling of said natural gas in a heat exchanger; Purification of the in step 1 from compounds containing at least six carbon atoms; At least partial condensation of said gas stream resulting from step 3 to form a two-phase stream; Separation of said two-phase stream resulting from step 4 to form a gas stream and a liquid stream; Condensation of the gas stream resulting from step 5 to form a liquefied gas containing less than 5 ppm by volume of compounds containing at least six carbon atoms; Liquefaction of the CO.sub.2-enriched gas stream resulting from step 1 with a portion of the liquid stream resulting from step 5.

A process for recovering at least one fluid (e.g. argon gas and/or nitrogen gas, etc.) from a feed gas (e.g. air) can include utilization of a compression system, primary heat exchanger unit, plant processing units to separate and recover at least one desired fluid (e.g. nitrogen gas, argon gas, etc.). In some embodiments, the process can be configured so that fluid flows output from a low pressure column and/or high pressure column of the plant can provide a condensation duty or refrigeration duty that is utilized to process certain fluid flows for recovery of argon and/or nitrogen gases. Some embodiments can be configured to provide an improved recovery of argon and/or nitrogen as well as an improvement in operational efficiency by reducing an amount of power (e.g. electrical power) needed to recover the nitrogen and/or argon.

Method and system for removing high freeze point components from natural gas. Feed gas is cooled in a heat exchanger and separated into a first vapor portion and a first liquid portion. The first liquid portion is reheated using the heat exchanger and separated into a high freeze point components stream and a non-freezing components stream. A portion of the non-freezing components stream may be at least partially liquefied and received by an absorber tower. The first vapor portion may be cooled and received by the absorber tower. An overhead vapor product which is substantially free of high freeze point freeze components and a bottoms product liquid stream including freeze components and non-freeze components are produced using the absorber tower.