A scraped heat exchanger apparatus, including a vessel and a plurality of internally cooled plates disposed parallel to each other within the vessel. A rotating shaft is disposed at a central axis of the vessel. A rotating scraper arm, connected to the rotating shaft, moves between adjacent plates. The rotating scraper arm includes a scraper positioned to scrape solids from the outer surfaces of adjacent plates. A cooling fluid flows through an interior of each plate. The cooling fluid cools a gaseous process fluid flowing between adjacent plates. An opening in each of the plates permits the process fluid, and solids removed from the process fluid and scraped by the rotating scraper arm, to pass through the plates.

Methods and systems for producing Xenon-133 are disclosed. A method for producing Xenon-133 includes collecting an off gas from a Molybdenum-99 production process in a storage tank. The off gas includes Xenon-133 and Krypton-85. The method further includes selectively adsorbing Xenon-133 from the off gas onto a charcoal column assembly such that Xenon-133 is selectively adsorbed onto the charcoal column assembly relative to Krypton-85. The method further includes desorbing the Xenon-133 from the charcoal column assembly by heating the charcoal column assembly, and condensing the Xenon-133 within a coil assembly.

A carbon dioxide electrolytic device in an embodiment includes: an electrochemical reaction cell including: a first accommodation part that accommodates gas or a first electrolytic solution containing CO.sub.2; a second accommodation part that accommodates a second electrolytic solution containing H.sub.2O; a diaphragm provided between the first and second accommodation parts; a cathode that is in contact with the gas or the first electrolytic solution; and an anode that is in contact with the second electrolytic solution; a first supply part that supplies the gas or the first electrolytic solution to the first accommodation part; a second supply part that supplies the second electrolytic solution to the second accommodation part; and a carbon dioxide separation part that is connected to a discharge portion of a discharge containing O.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 from the second accommodation part and includes a cryogenic separation device to separate CO.sub.2 from a gas component in the discharge.

A CO2 separation and liquefaction system such as might be used in a carbon capture and sequestration system for a fossil fuel burning power plant is disclosed. The CO2 separation and liquefaction system includes a first cooling stage to cool flue gas with liquid CO2, a compression stage coupled to the first cooling stage to compress the cooled flue gas, a second cooling stage coupled to the compression stage and the first cooling stage to cool the compressed flue gas with a CO2 melt and provide the liquid CO2 to the first cooling stage, and an expansion stage coupled to the second cooling stage to extract solid CO2 from the flue gas that melts in the second cooling stage to provide the liquid CO2.

Methods and systems for separating a desublimatable compound from hydrocarbons is disclosed. A feed fluid stream, consisting of a hydrocarbon and a desublimatable compound, is passed into an upper chamber of a vessel. The feed fluid stream is cooled in the upper chamber, thereby desublimating a portion of the desublimatable compound out of the feed liquid stream to form a product gas stream and a desublimatable compound snow which is collected in the lower chamber of the vessel. A lower portion of the desublimatable compound snow is melted to form a liquid desublimatable compound stream such that an upper portion of the solid desublimatable compound snow remains as an insulative barrier between the upper chamber and the liquid desublimatable compound stream. The liquid desublimatable compound stream is removed at a rate that matches a production rate of the solid desublimatable compound snow, thereby maintaining the insulative barrier.

A plant for energy storage, comprises: a basin (2) for a work fluid having a critical temperature (T.sub.c) lower than 0°; a tank (3) configured to store the work fluid in at least partly liquid or super-critical phase with a storage temperature (T.sub.s) close to the critical temperature (T.sub.c); an expander (4); a compressor (5); an operating/drive machine (6) operatively connected to the expander (4) and to the compressor (5); a thermal store (8) operatively interposed between the compressor (5) and the tank (3) and between the tank (3) and the expander (4). The plant (1) is configured for actuating a Cyclic Thermodynamic Transformation (TTC) with the work fluid, first in a storage configuration and then in a discharge configuration. The thermal store (8), in the storage configuration, is configured for absorbing sensible heat and subsequently latent heat from the work fluid and, in the discharge configuration, it is configured for transferring latent heat and subsequently sensible heat to the work fluid.

A device includes a heat exchanger having one end connected to an air line through which air flows, and the other end connected to a hydrogen line through which liquid-state hydrogen flows. The heat exchanger is configured to produce liquid-state air as the air and the liquid-state hydrogen exchange heat with each other. The device also includes an air storage container connected to the heat exchanger via the air line and configured to store the liquid-state air discharged from the heat exchanger, and an evaporator connected to the air storage container via the air line and configured to evaporate the liquid-state air, supplied from the air storage container, through heat exchange. The device additionally includes a power generator configured to receive the air, discharged from the evaporator, via the air line, thereby producing electrical power.

Disclosed is a refrigeration and/or liquefaction method using a system that includes a low-temperature refrigeration device comprising a working circuit which forms a loop and contains a working fluid, the working circuit forming a cycle comprising, connected in series: a compression mechanism, a cooling mechanism, an expansion mechanism and a heating mechanism the refrigeration device further comprising a cooling exchanger for extracting heat from the useful fluid stream by exchanging heat with the working fluid flowing in the working circuit, the system comprising a pipe through which the useful fluid stream flows in the cooling exchanger, the method comprising a cooling step in which the refrigeration device is in a first operating mode for cooling the cooling exchanger while a useful fluid stream flows in the cooling exchanger, the method comprising, after said cooling step, a step of cleaning impurities that have solidified in the cooling exchanger, characterized in that during the cleaning step, the refrigeration device is in a second operating mode in which the working gas flows in the working circuit but in which the cooling exchanger cools less intensely than in the first operating mode.

The invention relates to a method for cooling and/or liquefying a user fluid flow the method using a cooling and/or liquefying system comprising a low-temperature refrigeration device, the refrigeration device comprising a working circuit forming a loop and containing a working fluid, the refrigeration device comprising a cooling exchanger intended to extract heat from the user fluid flow by heat exchange with the working fluid circulating in the working circuit, the working circuit forming a cycle comprising, in a series: a compression mechanism a cooling mechanism, an expansion mechanism, and a reheating mechanism, the system comprising a pipe for circulation of the user fluid flow to be cooled in heat exchange with the cooling exchanger of the refrigeration device, the method comprising a step of cooling a user fluid flow in the cooling exchanger and after this cooling step, a step of cleaning impurities solidified in the cooling exchanger, the cleaning step comprising stopping of the refrigeration device and simultaneously, circulation of a user fluid flow in the cooling exchanger.

A gas separation and utilization method includes the steps of: (a) providing an ascending flow of a liquid containing carbon dioxide gas and methane gas; (b) extracting at least a fraction of the methane gas from the liquid to provide a methane enriched gas; (c) extracting at least a fraction of the carbon dioxide gas from the liquid to provide a carbon dioxide enriched gas, which is extracted from the ascending flow of the liquid downstream of the methane enriched gas; (d) collecting the methane enriched gas; (e) feeding the carbon dioxide enriched gas as a fuel into an oxyfuel power generation system; (f) generating power from the oxyfuel power generation system; and (g) expelling an exhaust from the oxyfuel power generation system, wherein the exhaust comprises carbon dioxide and water vapor. A system configured to perform the method and a grid balancing method using the system are also disclosed.