A golf club head includes a striking face having a face center and a virtual striking face plane generally parallel to the striking face. The golf club head further includes a sole portion, a top portion, a rear portion, and a loft L no less than 40°. A virtual vertical plane perpendicular to the striking face plane passes through the face center. A club head center of gravity is spaced from the virtual vertical plane in the heel-to-toe direction by a distance D1 that is no greater than 6.0 mm. The golf club head further includes a hosel including an internal bore configured to receive a golf shaft. The internal bore includes a peripheral side wall and a shaft abutment surface configured to abut a tip end of the golf club shaft. The hosel further comprises an auxiliary recess extending sole-ward from the abutment surface of the internal bore.

Embodiments of golf club heads, golf clubs, and methods to manufacture golf club heads and golf clubs are generally described herein. In one example, a golf club head includes a body portion having an interior cavity, a ledge portion extending outward from a back wall of the body portion, a filler material comprising a rubber compound in the interior cavity, a first set of mass portions that is closer to a toe portion edge of the body portion than to a heel portion edge of the body portion, and a second set of mass portions that is closer to the heel portion edge than to the toe portion edge. A face portion is coupled to the body portion to enclose the interior cavity and includes at least one back groove located proximate to a perimeter edge of the face portion. Other examples and embodiments may be described and claimed.

A golf club head comprises a body, a track formed in or attached to the body and having a length and a weight and weight retainer. The weight is continuously repositionable such that it can be positioned at any selected point along the track between its ends. The weight has a major dimension, and the weight retainer comprises a fastening member having a diameter not greater than about one half of the major dimension of the weight.

A set of golf club heads includes a first golf club head having a first loft and a second golf club head having a second loft greater than the first loft. The first golf club head includes a first striking face defining a first striking face plane and a first weight assembly including: a first weight, a first cover, and a first fastener. The second golf club head includes a second striking face defining a second striking face plane and a second weight assembly including: a second weight, a second cover, and a second fastener. The first and second fasteners are respectively controllably movable along first and second fastener axes, and a smallest angle between the second fastener axis and the second striking face plane is smaller than a smallest angle between the first fastener axis and the first striking face plane.

An iron-type golf club head where a ratio of a maximum toe height of the iron-type golf club head to a blade length of the iron-type golf club head is greater than zero and at most 0.62. A maximum thickness of the front portion, along the strike face, corresponds with a location toeward of a geometric center of the strike face. The thickness of the front portion, at the geometric center of the strike face, is less than the maximum thickness of the front portion. A coefficient of restitution (COR) of the iron-type golf club head is at least 0.818 and at most 0.830. An entirety of the sole is rounded along a plane parallel to the strike face, and a radius of curvature of the sole, along the plane parallel to the strike face, is no more than between, and inclusive of, 100 mm and 275 mm.

Some embodiments include hollow body club heads having reinforced club head faces. In one example, the club face comprises a reinforcement element such as a looped rib positioned on a rear surface of the club face to provide reinforcement. The club head defines a closed interior cavity, where the reinforcement is located within the closed interior cavity. The hollow body club head further comprises a rear including a plurality of walls to allow the club head to easily bend during a golf ball impact. The combination of the hollow body design and the reinforcement element reinforces the club head while permitting the club face to bend. Other embodiments of related club heads and methods are also disclosed.

A copper tape has an elongated copper foil element with a thickness between about 0.01 mm and about 0.2 mm and an adhesive backing. The backing has a strength between about 3.9 N/cm and about 10 N/cm. A method of adjusting aggregate weight and weight distribution of sporting equipment includes cutting a portion of the copper tape to a length and width that adds a predetermined weight and that fits within a region of the sporting equipment and adhering the copper tape to the sporting equipment.

Putters include a putter body having a ball striking face member made of a material having a first hardness characteristic. A cavity is defined in the putter body behind the ball striking face member, and plural openings are defined in the ball striking face member extending rearward with respect to the ball striking face member and into the cavity. A polymeric material at least partially fills the openings and the cavity, wherein the polymeric material has a second hardness characteristic that is softer than the first hardness characteristic. The ball striking face member and the polymeric material exposed in at least some of the openings provide a ball striking surface of the putter. The ball striking surface may include grooves or scorelines to affect the launch angle, spin, and/or roll of the ball during a putt. Methods for making such putter devices also are described.

Embodiments of and methods to manufacture golf club heads and golf clubs are generally described. A golf club head may include a body portion with a perimeter defined by a toe-portion edge, a top-portion edge, a heel-portion edge, and a sole-portion edge. A body groove portion may extend along at least a portion of the perimeter of the body portion to define a first body portion from the body groove portion to a face portion of the golf club head and a second body portion from the body groove portion to a back wall portion of a back portion of the body portion. An outer surface of the first body portion may have a first visual property and an outer surface of the second body portion may have a second visual property different from the first visual property. Other examples and embodiments may be described and claimed.

A system including a computing device and camera is disclosed; the system configured for measuring three-dimensional attributes and associated performance measurements of a mechanical device. Some embodiments comprise a camera configured to capture images of the mechanical device and a computing device in communication with the camera. In some embodiments, the computing device is configured to access a first set of pixels associated with a first plurality of fiducials to calibrate a spatial resolution of the camera. A second image from the camera can be converted into a second set of pixels associated with each of the plurality of fiducials, which are attached to the mechanical device. The computing device can be further configured to compare the first and second set of pixels to determine the location of the plurality of fiducials on the mechanical device.